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Juan Perón

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Juan Domingo Perón was a central figure in 20th-century Argentine history.

RETRATO FOTOGRÁFICO DE PERÓN
RETRATO FOTOGRÁFICO DE PERÓN

He served as the 29th and 40th president of Argentina. Perón was a military officer who transformed into a powerful political leader. He remains the only Argentine president elected three times. He also holds the record for the highest percentage of votes in clean elections. His political legacy is known as Peronism. This movement, represented by the Justicialist Party, continues to shape Argentine politics today.

Imagen102
Imagen102

Perón's early life began in Lobos, Buenos Aires Province.

Patio casa Peron
Patio casa Peron

He was born on 8 October 1895 to Juana Sosa Toledo and Mario Tomás Perón. His family had Spanish, British, French, and Tehuelche ancestry. Perón entered the National Military College in 1911 at age 16. He graduated in 1913 and excelled in athletics like boxing and fencing. He later served as a military attaché in Chile and Europe. During his time in Italy, he studied various government systems.

Peron tomando un café
Peron tomando un café

He concluded that social democracy could be a viable alternative to both liberal democracy and totalitarian regimes.

Perón's rise to power involved several key political shifts. In 1930, he supported a military coup against President Hipólito Yrigoyen. This decision was something he later regretted. By 1943, he participated in a revolution that brought a new military government to power. He was appointed Minister of Labour, a role that allowed him to build a massive following. He later became the Minister of War and Vice President. In October 1945, political disputes led to his arrest. This sparked a massive demonstration in the Plaza de Mayo on 17 October.

17deoctubre-enlafuente
17deoctubre-enlafuente

Workers demanded his release, which helped him win the 1946 election.

As president, Perón implemented significant social and economic reforms. He initiated industrialization and expanded social rights for the working class. His administration made university tuition-free and built approximately 500,000 houses. He established the INPS, the first national social insurance system in Argentina. He also introduced the "aguinaldo," which is a yearly bonus equal to one-twelfth of an annual wage. Other reforms included minimum wages, paid vacations, and improved conditions for rural workers.

Angel Borlenghi-ca1945-HIA-T8-104
Angel Borlenghi-ca1945-HIA-T8-104

These policies made him immensely popular among laborers.

Perón worked closely with his wife, Eva Duarte, known as Evita.

Peron y Eva - casamiento civil - 1945
Peron y Eva - casamiento civil - 1945

Together, they helped grant women the right to vote in Argentina. Eva managed a foundation that provided massive charity to children and the needy.

Evita (fundación)
Evita (fundación)

However, the administration was also highly controversial. The government controlled the press and used tough tactics against dissidents. Some people were arrested, exiled, or fired from their jobs. Additionally, several Nazi war criminals found refuge in Argentina during this time.

Perón's second term faced significant challenges and conflict. After being re-elected in 1951, his administration struggled with declining stability. The death of Eva Perón damaged his standing with the Catholic Church. Tensions rose after attempts to pass a divorce law and the deportation of two priests. In June 1955, a coup attempt led to a bombing in the Plaza de Mayo.

Plaza-Mayo-bombardeo-1955
Plaza-Mayo-bombardeo-1955

This violent event resulted in the deaths of 300 civilians. Following this coup, Perón was forced into exile. He lived in several countries, including Paraguay, Venezuela, Panama, and Spain.

Perón finally returned to Argentina in 1973. He was elected president for a third time in October 1973. However, his final term was marked by intense internal violence. Fighting broke out between left-wing and right-wing members of the Peronist movement. His minister, José López Rega, formed the Argentine Anticommunist Alliance. This group was believed to have carried out hundreds of extrajudicial killings. Perón died in July 1974. His third wife, Isabel Perón, succeeded him as president. Her term was followed by even more repression under the military junta led by Jorge Rafael Videla.

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🖼️ Images & Media (29)
File:Patio casa Peron.png
Patio casa Peron.png
File:Juan Perón con josé Uriburu - Golpe de estado de 1930.jpg
Juan Perón con josé Uriburu - Golpe de...
File:RETRATO FOTOGRÁFICO DE PERÓN.jpg
RETRATO FOTOGRÁFICO DE PERÓN.jpg
File:Farrell y Peron-Abr45-HIA-T8-98.jpg
Farrell y Peron-Abr45-HIA-T8-98.jpg
File:17deoctubre-enlafuente.jpg
17deoctubre-enlafuente.jpg
File:Peron y Eva - casamiento civil - 1945.jpg
Peron y Eva - casamiento civil - 1945.jpg
File:Peron tomando un café.jpg
Peron tomando un café.jpg
File:Juan Peron con banda de presidente.jpg
Juan Peron con banda de presidente.jpg
File:Angel Borlenghi-ca1945-HIA-T8-104.jpg
Angel Borlenghi-ca1945-HIA-T8-104.jpg
File:Peron-NacionalizacionFA.jpg
Peron-NacionalizacionFA.jpg
File:Gatica2.png
Gatica2.png
File:Fragata Libertad en Astillero Rio Santiago.JPG
Fragata Libertad en Astillero Rio Santiago.JPG

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