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Jesuits

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The Society of Jesus is a religious order of clerics regular within the Catholic Church.

Ignatius Loyola
Ignatius Loyola

Members of this order are commonly known as Jesuits. They are a group of men who follow specific religious rules. The order is headquartered in Rome, Italy. Today, Jesuits perform various duties in 112 different countries. These duties include education, research, and humanitarian work. They also engage in evangelization and apostolic ministry.

Regimini militantis Ecclesiae
Regimini militantis Ecclesiae

The order is the largest Catholic religious male order in the world.

To become a Jesuit, a man must make specific religious professions. These include perpetual poverty, chastity, and obedience. They also make a special promise of obedience to the sovereign pontiff, who is the Pope. This promise is specifically regarding their missions. A Jesuit is expected to be totally available to his superiors. He must be willing to accept orders to go anywhere in the world. This may even require living in extreme conditions. Their guiding principle is the unofficial motto, "Ad maiorem Dei gloriam." This translates to "For the greater glory of God."

Ratiostudiorum
Ratiostudiorum

The history of the order began with Ignatius of Loyola. Ignatius was a Basque nobleman from the Pyrenees area of northern Spain. He had a military background and served as a captain in the Spanish army. He discovered his spiritual vocation while recovering from a wound at the Battle of Pamplona. On August 15, 1534, Ignatius met with six companions in a crypt in Montmartre, near Paris.

Franciscus de Xabier
Franciscus de Xabier

These seven men, including Peter Faber and Francisco Xavier, pronounced promises of poverty, chastity, and obedience. They called themselves "Friends in the Lord." They eventually traveled to Italy to seek official approval from the Church.

In 1540, Pope Paul III officially approved the Society of Jesus. He issued a document called a papal bull to confirm the order. This document was titled "To the Government of the Church Militant." Ignatius was selected as the first Superior General of the society. Initially, the Pope limited the number of members to sixty. However, this limit was removed in 1550 by Pope Julius III. The order's core principles were laid out in the "Formula of the Institute." This document served as the fundamental charter for all future official documents.

Jesuit missionaries were very active from the 16th to the 18th century.

Jesuitpainting
Jesuitpainting

They established missions in many diverse regions around the globe. These locations included modern-day Japan, Ethiopia, Paraguay, and Ontario. By the time Ignatius died in 1556, the order operated 74 colleges on three continents.

Jesuit map NF
Jesuit map NF

While they had successes in Christianizing native peoples, they also faced failures. The Jesuits have often been controversial within the Catholic Church. They have also frequently clashed with secular governments and institutions. In 1773, Pope Clement XIV officially suppressed the order. This meant the order was temporarily stopped. The Church lifted this suppression in 1814.

The Jesuits have made major contributions to education and science.

LifeAndWorksOfConfucius1687
LifeAndWorksOfConfucius1687

They were the first religious order to operate colleges and universities as a primary ministry. Their schools used a method that combined Aristotelian methods with mathematics. This approach was a precursor to liberal education. It included the study of Latin, Greek, classical literature, and philosophy. They also taught non-European languages and the sciences. This academic focus was important during the Scientific Revolution. Many important thinkers of that era were educated in Jesuit universities.

One unique aspect of Jesuit spirituality is the Ignatian retreat. These are known as the "Spiritual Exercises." This is a four-week period of silence and directed meditation. Individuals contemplate the life of Christ to find their purpose in life. The process follows a pattern called "Purgative-Illuminative-Unitive." Ignatius made this style of contemplative mysticism available to people living active lives. This method remains a central part of Jesuit ministry today.

Pope Francis at Vargihna
Pope Francis at Vargihna

Even the leadership of the Catholic Church has been influenced by the order, as Pope Francis is a Jesuit.

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🖼️ Images & Media (27)
File:Ignatius Loyola.jpg
Ignatius Loyola.jpg
File:Regimini militantis Ecclesiae.jpg
Regimini militantis Ecclesiae.jpg
File:Jesuits in the 'Ibadat-Khanah'.jpg
Jesuits in the 'Ibadat-Khanah'.jpg
File:Ratiostudiorum.jpg
Ratiostudiorum.jpg
File:Zygmunt III nadaje Kolegium Jezuickiemu w Poznaniu uprawnienia Akademii.jpg
Zygmunt III nadaje Kolegium Jezuickiemu w...
File:Jesuitpainting.jpg
Jesuitpainting.jpg
File:Franciscus de Xabier.jpg
Franciscus de Xabier.jpg
File:Oscar Pereira da Silva - Retrato de Anchieta, Acervo do Museu Paulista da USP.jpg
Oscar Pereira da Silva - Retrato de...
File:Ricci Guangqi 2.jpg
Ricci Guangqi 2.jpg
File:LifeAndWorksOfConfucius1687.jpg
LifeAndWorksOfConfucius1687.jpg
File:Paradigma XV Provinciarum et CLV Urbium Capitalium Sinensis Imperij.jpg
Paradigma XV Provinciarum et CLV Urbium...
File:Jesuit map NF.jpg
Jesuit map NF.jpg

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