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Edmund Campion

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Edmund Campion was an English Jesuit priest and a martyr.

Campion
Campion

He lived from January 25, 1540, to December 1, 1581. A martyr is someone who dies for their religious beliefs. Campion is remembered as part of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales. This group was canonized by Pope Paul VI in 1970. Earlier, in 1886, Pope Leo XIII had beatified him. Today, the Catholic Church celebrates his feast day on December 1. His life is a significant study of religious identity and political conflict in Tudor England.

Campion's early life was marked by academic excellence. He was born in London to a bookseller. He attended Christ's Hospital school and showed great talent early on. In August 1553, he gave a speech for Queen Mary at age 13. He later studied at St John's College, Oxford. He became a junior fellow there in 1557. By 1564, he had earned a master's degree.

Campion
Campion

During his time at Oxford, he met Queen Elizabeth I. He led a public debate for her and won her respect. He also gained the patronage of William Cecil and the Earl of Leicester.

Despite his success, Campion faced an internal religious struggle. He was ordained a deacon in the Anglican Church in 1564. However, he began to favor Catholic doctrines. This caused rumors about his true beliefs to spread. In 1569, he left Oxford for Ireland to study privately. He stayed with the Stanihurst family to avoid arrest. During this time, he wrote a book titled A Historie of Ireland. He used the name "Mr. Patrick" to hide his identity from pursuers.

Campion eventually traveled to the Low Countries to find religious freedom. In 1571, he escaped to Douai. He joined the English College, which was founded by William Allen. He studied theology and earned a Bachelor of Divinity in 1573.

Campion
Campion

After his studies, he traveled to Rome on foot. He went as a pilgrim to join the Society of Jesus, also known as the Jesuits. In April 1573, he became the first novice accepted by the Superior General, Mercurianus. He later moved to the Austrian Province to begin his training.

His training continued in Moravia and Prague. He was ordained a priest by the Archbishop of Prague, Antonín Brus. Campion said his first Mass on September 8, 1578. For six years, he served as a professor in Prague. He taught both philosophy and rhetoric. In 1578, his play titled Ambrosia was performed by students at the Jesuit College Clementinum. These years of teaching prepared him for his eventual return to England. He was a highly educated scholar before his final mission.

In 1580, Campion joined a Jesuit mission to England. He traveled with Robert Persons to help English Catholics.

Edmond Campion's 'Brag and Challenge'
Edmond Campion's 'Brag and Challenge'

To stay safe, he arrived in London pretending to be a jewel merchant. He wrote a famous document called the Challenge to the Privy Council. Some call this "Campion's Brag." He also wrote a Latin pamphlet called Decem Rationes. This work argued against the validity of the Anglican Church. The pamphlet caused a sensation when 400 copies were found at Oxford in 1581.

Campion's mission led to his arrest after a spy named George Eliot betrayed him. He was taken to the Tower of London and held in a tiny cell called "Little Ease." This cell was so small that he could not stand or lie down. He was questioned by high-ranking officials like the Lord Chancellor. They offered him wealth and the position of Archbishop of Canterbury if he would change his views. Campion refused these offers to remain true to his faith. He was also tortured on the rack several times during his imprisonment.

His legal battle ended in a trial at Westminster in November 1581. He was charged with conspiring to overthrow the Queen. The jury found him guilty of high treason. On December 1, 1581, he was executed at Tyburn. The sentence involved being hanged, drawn, and quartered. Campion was 41 years old at the time of his death. Today, his legacy lives on through many schools named in his honor. Some institutions, like Stonyhurst College, even keep the ropes used in his execution in glass tubes.

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