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Jacques Mesrine

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Jacques Mesrine was a notorious French criminal who lived from 1936 to 1979. He was responsible for a long list of crimes, including bank robberies, burglaries, and kidnappings. These crimes took place in France, the United States, and Canada. Mesrine became famous for his ability to use disguises to hide his identity. This skill earned him the nickname "The Man of a Thousand Faces." Because of his charisma and his high-profile lifestyle, some people viewed him as an anti-establishment figure similar to Robin Hood.

Mesrine's early life included several significant shifts in behavior. He was born in Clichy, near Paris, to a blue-collar family. As a young man, he served in the French Army as a parachutist and commando during the Algerian War. For his service, he received the Cross for Military Valour from General Charles de Gaulle. However, his father noted that his behavior changed significantly after his time in Algeria. Though he later attempted to hold steady jobs, such as working in architectural model construction, he eventually returned to a life of professional crime.

In the late 1960s, Mesrine's criminal activities moved to North America. In 1968, he fled to Quebec, Canada, with a woman named Jeanne Schneider. During this time, they attempted to kidnap a millionaire named Georges Deslauriers, but the plan failed because a sedative had no effect on him. After a brief time in the United States, Mesrine was arrested in Texarkana, Arkansas, in 1969. He was extradited to Quebec and sentenced to 10 years in prison. He escaped from the Saint-Vincent-de-Paul prison in August 1972, alongside Jean-Paul Mercier.

While in Canada, Mesrine and Mercier engaged in increasingly violent actions. They participated in a shootout at the Saint-Vincent-de-Paul prison that injured two guards. Later, while target practicing in a forest, they encountered two forest rangers, Médéric Cote and Ernest Saint-Pierre. When the rangers realized the men were wanted escapees, Mesrine and Mercier shot and killed both officers. This period of his life showed that Mesrine did not follow the typical criminal habit of trying to avoid danger. He continued to rob banks in Montreal before eventually returning to France in late 1972.

Upon returning to France, Mesrine faced a 20-year prison sentence in 1973. He was sent to La Santé, a maximum-security prison that was considered escape-proof. Mesrine managed to escape by taking a judge hostage with a revolver. While in prison, he wrote an autobiography titled *L'Instinct de Mort*, which claimed he had committed over 40 murders. This book had a major legal impact on France. The government passed a "Son of Sam law" to prevent criminals from profiting financially from the publication of their crimes.

Mesrine's most famous escape occurred on May 8, 1978, at La Santé. Alongside François Besse and another man, he used a grappling iron and a ladder to scale a 14-metre exterior wall. This event marked the first time anyone had successfully escaped from that prison. After his escape, Mesrine and Besse continued a spree of robberies and kidnappings. They robbed the Deauville Casino of 130,000 francs and later netted 450,000 francs from a banker's ransom. Despite being the "French public enemy number one," Mesrine still appeared on the cover of *Paris Match* magazine in August 1978.

As a fugitive, Mesrine was extremely difficult for law enforcement to track. He avoided the criminal underworld and used his mastery of disguise to blend into society. He was even known to have drinks with neighbors who did not recognize him. His final major criminal attempt involved a plan to kidnap a senior judge to protest the maximum-security prison system. His life and his complex relationship with the law have remained a subject of interest, leading to a two-part film about his life in 2008.

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