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Jacamar

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Jacamars are elegant birds from warm lands. They live in tropical Central and South America. Some species even live as far north as Mexico. These birds like to stay in forest edges. They also like the canopy, which is the top layer of the woods.

Most jacamars are small or medium in size. They have very long tails and long bills. Their feathers can be bright and shiny. This shine is called iridescence. Some males have a white patch on their breast. They have special feet called zygodactyl feet. This means two toes point forward and two toes point backward.

Most jacamars hunt by catching insects in the air. This way of hunting is called hawking. They sit on a favorite perch to watch. When a bug flies close, they fly out to grab it. Many jacamars specialize in eating moths and butterflies. The great jacamar is a little different from the others. It hunts by gleaning, which means picking prey from surfaces. It also eats spiders and small lizards.

Scientists have worked to find where jacamars fit in nature. For a long time, their place was a question. Some bone and muscle features made them seem related to Coraciiformes. However, a study in 2003 used nuclear DNA to find the truth. This DNA analysis showed they are a sister group to Piciformes. This means they are very closely related to that group. Researchers Ericson and colleagues also confirmed this link using genomic DNA.

There are 18 different species in the jacamar family. This family is known as Galbulidae. They are closely related to puffbirds. These two groups are often put in their own order called Galbuliformes. Jacamars usually lay between one and four eggs. In the rufous-tailed jacamar, eggs hatch in 19 to 26 days. Both parents help to keep the eggs warm during incubation.

Jacamars build their nests in special holes. Some species nest in the soil of river banks. Others use termite mounds in trees. If they cannot find a bank, they use soil near fallen trees. Some birds that nest in banks live in loose colonies. When chicks hatch, they have soft down feathers. This is unique among the Piciformes group.

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