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Iquitos

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Iquitos is a very special city in Peru. It is the capital of the Loreto Region and the Maynas Province.

Iquitos desde el aire
Iquitos desde el aire

This city is the largest metropolis in the Peruvian Amazon. It sits east of the Andes mountains in the Great Plains of the Amazon Basin.

Iquitos by NASA
Iquitos by NASA

Three major rivers flow near or through the area. These are the Amazon, Nanay, and Itaya rivers.

Rio Itaya bañando las orillas de Iquitos
Rio Itaya bañando las orillas de Iquitos

Iquitos is quite famous for a very unusual reason. It is the largest city in the world that cannot be reached by road. You cannot drive a car there unless you are on an island. To visit, you must travel by boat or by plane.

Iquitos, Perú
Iquitos, Perú

The city's location is shaped by the water around it. It is part of a large metropolitan area with 471,993 people.

Iquitos Mapa de distritos 03
Iquitos Mapa de distritos 03

This area is made of four different districts. These districts are Iquitos, Punchana, Belén, and San Juan Bautista.

Escalinata en el Barrio de Belén, Iquitos
Escalinata en el Barrio de Belén, Iquitos

The land has been home to indigenous peoples for thousands of years. These groups were often nomadic hunter-gatherers. They lived very closely with the many rivers.

Lago Moronacocha cerca a la desembocadura del río Nanay
Lago Moronacocha cerca a la desembocadura del río Nanay

They moved between different river areas like the Pastaza and the Tigre. The name Iquitos actually comes from a group of native people called the Iquitos.

History tells us that the city grew in stages. Long ago, Jesuit missionaries lived in the area. They founded missions along the Marañon River.

Iquitos-Plaza de Armas-Catedral
Iquitos-Plaza de Armas-Catedral

One important person was Father José Bahamonde. He helped found several missions starting in 1730. Around 1757, the city was established as a Spanish Jesuit reduction. At that time, it was called San Pablo de Napeanos.

Atardecer
Atardecer

The Jesuits gathered local Napeano and Iquito people to live there. They worked on farms and other tasks. This early period helped shape the region's history.

In the late 19th century, something big changed for Iquitos. This was the time of the Amazon rubber boom.

The world needed much more rubber for things like car tires. Iquitos became the main center for exporting rubber from the Amazon Basin.

Illustration of the rubber baron Julio César Arana, published by La Felpa in 1908
Illustration of the rubber baron Julio César Arana, published by La Felpa in 1908

This era brought many people from Europe to the city. They brought new music, clothing, and styles of building. They even built an opera house and a Jewish cemetery.

Decauville locomotive and passenger waggons in Iquitos, Peru
Decauville locomotive and passenger waggons in Iquitos, Peru

However, this time was also very hard for many people. A company called the Peruvian Amazon Company used force against workers. This period of wealth eventually ended when rubber prices dropped.

Today, the economy of Iquitos is much more diverse. People do many different kinds of work to support the city. They export things like timber, fish, and oil.

Belen Market
Belen Market

They also work with minerals and different agricultural crops. Tourism is another big way the city makes money. Many visitors come to see the amazing jungle and local crafts.

Iquitos en lluvia
Iquitos en lluvia

The city continues to be a busy and important place in the Amazon. It remains a place where the river and the forest meet.

Iquitos desde el aire
Iquitos desde el aire
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🖼️ Images & Media (26)
File:“The Booth Pier, Iquitos.”.jpg
“The Booth Pier, Iquitos.”.jpg
File:Decauville locomotive and passenger waggons in Iquitos, Peru.jpg
Decauville locomotive and passenger...
File:Barracks of the Loreto regiment in Iquitos, Peru.jpg
Barracks of the Loreto regiment in...
File:Illustration of the rubber baron Julio César Arana, published by La Felpa in 1908.jpg
Illustration of the rubber baron Julio...
File:Canhoneira peruana no Porto de Iquitos (Peru) (2).jpg
Canhoneira peruana no Porto de Iquitos...
File:Escalinata en el Barrio de Belén, Iquitos.jpg
Escalinata en el Barrio de Belén, Iquitos.jpg
File:Iquitos by NASA.JPG
Iquitos by NASA.JPG
File:Lago Moronacocha cerca a la desembocadura del río Nanay.jpg
Lago Moronacocha cerca a la desembocadura...
File:Iquitos Gnatcatcher.jpg
Iquitos Gnatcatcher.jpg
File:Rio Itaya bañando las orillas de Iquitos.jpg
Rio Itaya bañando las orillas de Iquitos.jpg
File:MPM-Iquitos.jpg
MPM-Iquitos.jpg
File:Iquitos_Mapa_de_distritos_03.svg
Iquitos_Mapa_de_distritos_03.svg

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