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Horn (instrument)

arts Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A horn is a family of musical instruments made of a tube. Most are made of metal and often curve in many ways.

Natural Horn (instrument)
Natural Horn (instrument)

One end is narrow for the musician to blow into. The other end is wide to let the sound out. Unlike a trumpet, the inside of a horn gets wider. This shape is called a conical bore.

Wenceslas Hollar - Five hunting horns
Wenceslas Hollar - Five hunting horns

In jazz music, people often call any wind instrument a horn. A group of these instruments is called a horn section.

To make a sound, a person blows into the mouthpiece. In early metal horns, players changed the pitch using only their lips.

Three valves horn
Three valves horn

These instruments did not have valves until the 1800s. Without valves, you can only play certain notes. To fix this, players used things called crooks. A crook is a piece of tubing of a different length. You slide it in to make the instrument play a lower pitch.

Natural Horn (instrument)
Natural Horn (instrument)

This was a hard job because players had to hold the crooks in place.

Long ago, people used the actual horns of animals.

Erkencho del norte
Erkencho del norte

The shofar is a horn from a ram used in Jewish rituals. In the Middle Ages, people used ivory tusks called olifants. These came from elephants and were symbols of royalty.

BLW Oliphant
BLW Oliphant

Some metal horns are very old too. Archaeologists found bronze lurs in Scandinavia. These were made around the 10th century BC. Many were found in pairs that curved in opposite directions.

Many different types of horns exist in history. The Romans used curved horns called the cornu and the buccina.

Alphen aan den Rijn castellum signaalhoorn
Alphen aan den Rijn castellum signaalhoorn

In Switzerland, the long wooden alphorn is very famous. A naturalist named Conrad Gessner described it in 1555. He said it was nearly eleven feet long and made of wood.

1 alphorn player zermatt
1 alphorn player zermatt

In Romania, shepherds use wooden horns called bucium. These can be straight or shaped like the letter S. They are between 1.5 and 3 meters long.

Horns have changed a lot over many years. In the 1600s, hunters needed horns they could play on horseback. They made them in a spiral shape called a cor à plusieurs tours.

Wenceslas Hollar - Five hunting horns
Wenceslas Hollar - Five hunting horns

By the 1700s, horns became common in orchestras. People liked them because they sounded poetic and lovely. They were not as loud or shrieking as trumpets. Today, we see many versions like the tuba or the French horn.

Three valves horn
Three valves horn

These instruments still bring people together through music.

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🖼️ Images & Media (18)
File:P1084426.jpg
P1084426.jpg
File:Alphen aan den Rijn castellum signaalhoorn.jpg
Alphen aan den Rijn castellum signaalhoorn.jpg
File:Erkencho del norte.jpg
Erkencho del norte.jpg
File:BLW Oliphant.jpg
BLW Oliphant.jpg
File:1 alphorn player zermatt.jpg
1 alphorn player zermatt.jpg
File:Bronse-Lurer-Danmark.png
Bronse-Lurer-Danmark.png
File:Britannica Horn Trajan's Column Reliefs.png
Britannica Horn Trajan's Column Reliefs.png
File:Wenceslas Hollar - Five hunting horns.jpg
Wenceslas Hollar - Five hunting horns.jpg
File:Playing horn at Palace Temple. Mandi, Himachal Pradesh.jpg
Playing horn at Palace Temple. Mandi,...
File:Hra-na-cink-evangkostel-v-Miroslavi2011.jpg
Hra-na-cink-evangkostel-v-Miroslavi2011.jpg
File:Natural Horn (instrument).JPG
Natural Horn (instrument).JPG
File:Russische Hoerner im Peterhof 2008.JPG
Russische Hoerner im Peterhof 2008.JPG

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