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Honor killing

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An honor killing, sometimes called a shame killing, is a specific type of murder. In these cases, the murder is committed by members of the victim's own family. The primary motivation is to preserve or recover the "honor" of the family. This honor is perceived to have been lost because of the victim's actions. These actions are seen as a source of shame within the victim's society.

Middle east
Middle east

Most honor killings involve femicide, which is the killing of women. This is a frequent form of violence against women in regions with strict social norms. In these areas, traditional or legal rules often limit women's rights and freedoms. Many families use the idea of "family honor" as a pretext. They use it to enforce restrictions on what women are allowed to do. The goal is often to punish anyone who violates social, sexual, or religious hierarchies.

South Asia non political, with rivers
South Asia non political, with rivers

There are many different reasons why a person might be targeted. Many cases involve intimate choices, such as refusing an arranged or forced marriage. A person might also be targeted for seeking a divorce or marital separation. Engaging in premarital or extramarital sex is another common trigger. However, non-intimate choices can also lead to violence. These include converting to a different religion or associating with people outside of one's caste. Even dressing in a way that diverges from local norms can cause a family to react violently.

Mediterranean Relief, 1028 x 1024
Mediterranean Relief, 1028 x 1024

These crimes are often organized through specific social mechanisms. Many honor killings are planned by multiple family members. Sometimes, a formal "family council" is held to decide on the action. Families may also use the threat of murder to control the behavior of others. This is often done to ensure siblings follow strict rules regarding sexuality and marriage. In some instances, families select minor boys or girls to carry out the murder. They do this because they hope a child will receive a more favorable legal outcome.

World 1898 empires colonies territory
World 1898 empires colonies territory

History shows that these concepts are not new. Violence related to female sexual expression has been documented since Ancient Rome. At that time, the *pater familias*, or head of the family, had certain rights over family members. In medieval Europe, some religious laws mandated stoning for certain actions. These traditions have shaped how honor is viewed in different eras. Today, the practice is associated with various regions, including the Middle East, North Africa, and South Asia. It is also found in the Philippines, East Africa, Chechnya, and Latin America.

Istanbul Convention (2011) participation map, current
Istanbul Convention (2011) participation map, current

Researchers have identified several complex causes for this behavior. Some suggest the origins lie with nomadic peoples and herdsmen. In societies with a weak rule of law, people may use aggression to protect their reputation. In many cultures, men are seen as the active generators of honor. Women, however, are often viewed as the ones who can destroy it. This creates a dynamic where any perceived mistake requires immediate revenge to restore social equilibrium. Additionally, as women gain economic independence, some male family members may use violence to regain authority.

Istanbul Convention (2011) participation map, current
Istanbul Convention (2011) participation map, current

The scale of this issue is significant. The United Nations estimates that 5,000 women and girls are murdered in honor killings each year. While it is widespread in South Asia and the Middle East, it occurs globally. It has been reported in countries as diverse as Canada, Sweden, Italy, and the United States. Many international conventions, such as the Istanbul Convention, strictly condemn these acts. Human rights organizations work globally to protect the right to life. They fight against the idea that social norms can justify murder.

Istanbul Convention (2011) participation map, current
Istanbul Convention (2011) participation map, current
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File:World 1898 empires colonies territory.png
World 1898 empires colonies territory.png
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Mediterranean_Relief,_1028_x_1024.jpg
File:Middle east.jpg
Middle east.jpg
File:South_Asia_non_political,_with_rivers.jpg
South_Asia_non_political,_with_rivers.jpg
File:Istanbul Convention (2011) participation map, current.svg
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