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Goulash

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Goulash is a celebrated meal made of meat and vegetables seasoned with paprika. It is a national dish of Hungary and serves as a major symbol of the country. While many people think of it as a thick stew, in Hungary, gulyás is traditionally known as a soup. This distinction is important in the Hungarian language, which separates stews from gulyás.

Goulash in a cauldron
Goulash in a cauldron

The dish is a staple across Central Europe, connecting various cultures through shared culinary traditions.

The preparation of traditional goulash follows a specific sequence of steps. First, the meat is cut into chunks and seasoned with salt. The cook then browns the meat alongside sliced onions in a pot using oil or lard. After browning, paprika is added along with water to create the liquid base. The mixture is left to simmer for a long time.

Goulash i brød i Prag
Goulash i brød i Prag

Toward the end of the cooking process, soup vegetables like potatoes, carrots, and parsley root are added. Finally, small egg noodles called csipetke are added directly to the boiling soup. The name csipetke comes from the Hungarian word for "pinch," because the dough is pinched into tiny, fingernail-sized bits.

There are several distinct types of goulash based on ingredients and preparation. Bográcsgulyás is a traditional version prepared outdoors in a cauldron called a bogrács. This method requires only an iron tripod, a chain, and a campfire. Other variations include babgulyás, which features beans, and hamisgulyás, a meatless version often called "fake goulash." There is also Székely gulyás, a thicker, richer version that includes sauerkraut and sour cream.

Szeged goulash from pork
Szeged goulash from pork

Some versions use different meats, such as birkagulyás, which is made with mutton.

The history of goulash traces back as far as the 10th century to the stews eaten by Hungarian shepherds. These herdsmen lived on the Puszta, a vast plain that held enormous herds of cattle. From the Middle Ages until the 19th century, these herdsmen drove tens of thousands of cattle to markets in cities like Vienna and Venice. To survive, they used nearly every part of the animal.

Early versions of the dish did not contain paprika, as that spice was not introduced to Europe until the 16th century. Originally, shepherds would sun-dry flavored meat and pack it into bags made from sheep's stomachs, requiring only water to prepare a meal.

Modern goulash relies heavily on specific ingredients to achieve its characteristic deep red color. This color comes entirely from authentic Hungarian paprika rather than tomatoes, which are rarely used in original recipes. In present-day Hungary, beef is the most common meat, often using beef from older cattle to create a tastier broth. While the cooking time is long, this process is essential for the flavor.

Berlin goulash
Berlin goulash

In some regions, the meat might be replaced by venison or wild boar, changing the character of the dish entirely.

As goulash spread, it evolved into many notable regional examples. In Vienna, Austria, the Wiener Saftgulasch is a rich, pörkölt-like stew served with dark bread. Another version, the Fiakergulasch, is served with a fried egg, sausage, pickles, and dumplings called Semmelknödel.

Fiakergulasch
Fiakergulasch

In the Czech Republic and Slovakia, the dish is often served with steamed bread dumplings known as knedliky. German versions, such as Hirschgulasch, use venison and may be served with potatoes, rice, or noodles.

Venison goulash with Bavarian flour dumpling
Venison goulash with Bavarian flour dumpling

Even in Italy, the dish is a regular Sunday meal in certain northern regions.

Goulash is closely related to other Hungarian dishes like pörkölt and paprikás. Pörkölt is a stew that evolved from the original herdsmen's dish, while paprikás is a version of pörkölt made with sour cream. While goulash is always made of beef or mutton, these related dishes can use chicken or pork.

2009-09-gulasch-pörkölt-paprikas-2
2009-09-gulasch-pörkölt-paprikas-2

This family of dishes shows how a single culinary root can branch into many different meals across an entire continent.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:2009-09-gulasch-pörkölt-paprikas-2.jpg
2009-09-gulasch-pörkölt-paprikas-2.jpg
File:Goulash in a cauldron.jpg
Goulash in a cauldron.jpg
File:Fiakergulasch.jpg
Fiakergulasch.jpg
File:Szeged goulash from pork.jpg
Szeged goulash from pork.jpg
File:Goulash i brød i Prag.jpg
Goulash i brød i Prag.jpg
File:Venison goulash with Bavarian flour dumpling.jpg
Venison goulash with Bavarian flour dumpling.jpg
File:Deer goulash, dumpling, leeks, 2008.jpg
Deer goulash, dumpling, leeks, 2008.jpg
File:Berlin goulash.png
Berlin goulash.png
File:Placki ziemniaczane polish potato pancake and goulash dish 2010.jpg
Placki ziemniaczane polish potato pancake...
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