Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
📖

Freemasonry

society Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Freemasonry is a collection of fraternal organizations that share historical roots. These groups trace their origins back to the medieval guilds of stonemasons. Today, it is considered the oldest existing secular fraternal organization. Documents and traditions for these groups date back to the 14th century.

Square and Compasses no G
Square and Compasses no G

While members share a common history, the organization is not a single global entity. Instead, it is composed of many independent groups that follow different traditions.

The basic unit of Freemasonry is the local Lodge. These are private organizations that function as the foundation of the fraternity. Lodges are usually supervised at a regional level by a Grand Lodge or a Grand Orient. There is no international Grand Lodge that governs all Masons worldwide. Each Grand Lodge is independent and sovereign. Because of this independence, different Grand Lodges do not always recognize each other as legitimate.

Room at Masonic Hall Bury St Edmunds Suffolk England
Room at Masonic Hall Bury St Edmunds Suffolk England

There are three main traditions of Freemasonry in the modern world. The first is the Anglo-American style. This tradition requires a "volume of sacred law," such as the Bible or Quran, to be open during meetings. Members must also profess a belief in a supreme being. This style typically only admits men and forbids discussions on politics or religion. The second is Continental or Liberal style Freemasonry. This tradition has evolved to allow more freedom regarding religious belief and political discussion. The third is Women's Freemasonry, or Co-Freemasonry. This includes groups that admit only women, such as the Order of Women Freemasons, or groups that accept both men and women, like Le Droit Humain.

Grand Orient de France 2
Grand Orient de France 2

Members progress through three specific levels known as degrees. These degrees are based on the historical grades of medieval craft guilds. The first degree is the Entered Apprentice. The second degree is the Journeyman, also called a Fellow of the craft. The third degree is the Master Mason.

Kosmopolis-Freemason explaining the symbols
Kosmopolis-Freemason explaining the symbols

These degrees are part lecture and part allegorical morality play. During these ceremonies, candidates are taught the meanings of Masonic symbols. They are also entrusted with specific grips, signs, and words to identify themselves to other members. Once a person reaches the rank of Master Mason, they may join "Concordant bodies" to earn additional degrees.

Lodge meetings take place in buildings called Masonic temples.

Palazzo Roffia, galleria 00
Palazzo Roffia, galleria 00

The activities during these meetings vary depending on the local tradition. Some Lodges use their meetings to conduct formal business. This includes electing officers, approving minutes, and reviewing annual accounts. Other traditions view an opened Lodge as a sacred space. In these cases, business is handled in separate meetings or by special committees. All meetings include ritual work and educational activities. Members may receive lectures on Masonic history or present research papers. Some meetings conclude with a formal dinner called an Agape or festive board.

Early-1740-Lodge
Early-1740-Lodge

Each Lodge is managed by a group of elected or appointed officers. Every Lodge has a Master and two Wardens. They also employ a treasurer and a secretary. A Tyler, or outer guard, often stands outside the door to secure the privacy of the meeting.

Emblematic Structure of Freemasonry
Emblematic Structure of Freemasonry

Beyond ritual, Freemasonry involves significant charitable work. Members contribute to the relief of needs in fields like education, health, and old age. These contributions happen through annual dues, subscriptions, and various fundraising events at the local and regional levels.

Freemasonry has a large and diverse global presence. In the early 21st century, membership was estimated to be between two million and six million people. The United Grand Lodge of England is the largest single jurisdiction, with about 175,000 members. In the United States, there are 51 Grand Lodges with a total membership of approximately 875,000.

Freemasons' Hall, London
Freemasons' Hall, London

However, the organization has also faced significant opposition. The Catholic Church and some Protestant denominations have expressed opposition. Some countries have banned membership, and Masons have faced persecution by authoritarian states. This opposition is sometimes rooted in political concerns, religious views, or conspiracy theories.

641 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (15)
File:Square and Compasses no G.svg
Square and Compasses no G.svg
File:Palazzo Roffia, galleria 00.JPG
Palazzo Roffia, galleria 00.JPG
File:Kosmopolis-Freemason explaining the symbols.jpg
Kosmopolis-Freemason explaining the symbols.jpg
File:Early-1740-Lodge.png
Early-1740-Lodge.png
File:Freemasons' Hall, London.JPG
Freemasons' Hall, London.JPG
File:Grand Orient de France 2.jpg
Grand Orient de France 2.jpg
File:Ahmad nami.jpg
Ahmad nami.jpg
File:Emblematic Structure of Freemasonry.gif
Emblematic Structure of Freemasonry.gif
File:Room at Masonic Hall Bury St Edmunds Suffolk England.jpg
Room at Masonic Hall Bury St Edmunds...
File:Goose and Gridiron.jpg
Goose and Gridiron.jpg
File:Freimaurer Initiation.jpg
Freimaurer Initiation.jpg
File:Erasmus James Philipps, Old Burying Ground, Halifax, Nova Scotia.jpg
Erasmus James Philipps, Old Burying...

+ 3 more

More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.