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Face

life science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

The face is the front part of the head in humans and many animals. It is a very important area because it holds most of our sense organs. These organs include the eyes, the nose, and the mouth.

Martian face viking cropped
Martian face viking cropped

Many animals use their faces to show how they feel. Some animals have long snouts or even a proboscis to help them sense the world. Other animals, like pug dogs, have very flat faces. For humans, the face is how we recognize one another. It is also a very sensitive part of our bodies. Our expressions can change when we feel things like touch, heat, or hunger.

There are many different parts that make up the human face. The forehead is the skin below the hairline, and it sits between the temples and the eyebrows. The eyes sit in a space called the orbit, protected by eyelashes and eyelids. The nose has a specific shape with nostrils and a nasal septum. Below that, the cheeks cover the maxilla and the mandible, which is the jaw. The chin is the very end of the jaw. The mouth includes the lips, and a small line called the philtrum divides the upper lip.

Braus 1921 379
Braus 1921 379

Your face shape comes from the bones in your skull. These bones include the maxilla, the mandible, the nasal bone, the zygomatic bone, and the frontal bone. Soft parts like skin, hair, and fat also change how you look. Babies have special fat in their cheeks called buccal fat-pads. These help them stay stable while they are suckling. As people get older, these fat pads get smaller. At the same time, the bones of the face become more prominent as they grow.

Our brains have a special way of seeing faces. A specific part of the brain called the fusiform face area, or FFA, helps us recognize people. This area is very important for knowing who someone is. If this part of the brain is damaged, a person might not recognize their own family.

Martian face viking cropped
Martian face viking cropped

Scientists have even studied how we read emotions. One study used the Multimodal Emotion Recognition Test to see how we measure feelings. They found that older adults are often better at telling if a smile is real or fake. This shows that experience helps us understand others.

Many things can change how a face looks over time. Genetics play a huge role in your appearance. For example, a 2021 study found that some Native Americans have a gene for lip thickness from ancient Denisovans. Other studies show that people who look alike, called doppelgängers, may share similar genes. Things like sun damage, sleep, and nutrition also affect the skin. Some people use cosmetics to change their look temporarily. Others use surgery to fix injuries or change features.

Braus 1921 379
Braus 1921 379
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File:Braus 1921 379.png
Braus 1921 379.png
File:Martian face viking cropped.jpg
Martian face viking cropped.jpg
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