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Elephant shrew

life science Maturity 7-9 Next article →

Elephant shrews are small mammals that live in Africa.

Eastern Rock Elephant Shrew
Eastern Rock Elephant Shrew

They are also called sengis. This name comes from Bantu languages. People call them elephant shrews because of their long noses. These noses look like the trunks of elephants. For a long time, people thought they were related to true shrews. However, scientists found they are actually more closely related to elephants. They belong to a group called Afrotheria.

Bushveld-elephant-shrew
Bushveld-elephant-shrew

This group includes many different animals from Africa.

These animals have a very interesting way of finding food.

They spend up to 80% of their time foraging. They use their flexible snouts, or proboscises, to search for prey. They mostly eat insects, spiders, centipedes, and earthworms. They also eat some seeds and fruit. To eat, they use their long tongues to flick food into their mouths. This is a lot like how an anteater works. If they find a large worm, they pin it down with a foot. Then, they chew it with their cheek teeth just like a dog.

Macroscelides proboscideus Basel Zoo 28102013
Macroscelides proboscideus Basel Zoo 28102013

Scientists have studied these animals for a long time.

Rhynchocyon petersi - StylizedPhylo
Rhynchocyon petersi - StylizedPhylo

In 1997, a biologist named Jonathan Kingdon suggested the name sengi. In 1998, they were placed in the new clade Afrotheria. These small animals were also used in the 1940s for science. Researchers studied them to learn about the human menstrual cycle. This is because female elephant shrews have a cycle similar to humans. This makes them one of the few non-primates to do this. It helped doctors understand how human bodies work.

Elephant shrews can be found in many different places.

Some live in the Namib Desert, which is very dry. Others live in thick forests or rocky areas in South Africa. They are very fast and can move like rabbits. They use their long legs to jump and dash away from danger. They even make clear paths through the grass to run. These paths help them escape quickly if something scares them. The Somali elephant shrew was even hard to find for many years. Scientists did not see one from 1968 until 2020 in Djibouti.

Most elephant shrews like to live alone.

Black and Rufous Elephant Shrew skeleton
Black and Rufous Elephant Shrew skeleton

They use scent glands to mark their own territory. Some species live in pairs, but they mostly stay separate. Even when they are in a pair, they have their own nests. The babies are born very well developed. They can actually run within just a few hours of being born. After five days, the mother brings them mashed insects in her cheek pouches. Within 15 days, the young start to move away from their mother. They become adults and find their own homes very quickly.

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🖼️ Images & Media (16)
File:Black and Rufous Elephant Shrew skeleton.jpg
Black and Rufous Elephant Shrew skeleton.jpg
File:Eastern Rock Elephant Shrew.jpg
Eastern Rock Elephant Shrew.jpg
File:Bushveld-elephant-shrew.jpg
Bushveld-elephant-shrew.jpg
File:Macroscelidid skeleton.png
Macroscelidid skeleton.png
File:DendrohyraxEminiSmit white background.jpg
DendrohyraxEminiSmit white background.jpg
File:Manatee white background.jpg
Manatee white background.jpg
File:Dugong dugon Hardwicke white background.jpg
Dugong dugon Hardwicke white background.jpg
File:Elephas africanus - 1700-1880 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - (white background).jpg
Elephas africanus - 1700-1880 - Print -...
File:Aardvark2 (PSF) colourised.png
Aardvark2 (PSF) colourised.png
File:Rhynchocyon petersi - StylizedPhylo.png
Rhynchocyon petersi - StylizedPhylo.png
File:The animal kingdom, arranged according to its organization, serving as a foundation for the natural history of animals (Pl. 18) (Chrysochloris asiatica).jpg
The animal kingdom, arranged according to...
File:Brehms Thierleben - Allgemeine Kunde des Thierreichs (1876) (Tenrec ecaudatus).jpg
Brehms Thierleben - Allgemeine Kunde des...

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