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Aardwolf

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

The aardwolf is a very special animal from Africa. Its name means "earth-wolf" in Afrikaans and Dutch.

Aardwolf, Proteles cristata, at Lion and Rhino Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa (47987215058)
Aardwolf, Proteles cristata, at Lion and Rhino Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa (47987215058)

While most hyenas hunt large animals, the aardwolf is an insectivore. This means it eats insects instead of meat. It is the smallest member of the hyena family.

Aardwolf
Aardwolf

It lives in the dry shrublands of East and Southern Africa. These lands have many small trees and bushes. The aardwolf prefers open plains over high mountains.

Aardwolf, Buffalo Springs National Park, Kenya 1 (cropped)
Aardwolf, Buffalo Springs National Park, Kenya 1 (cropped)

Finding food is a big job for the aardwolf. It mostly eats termites, which are tiny insects.

Aardwolf, Proteles cristata, at Lion and Rhino Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa (47987248651)
Aardwolf, Proteles cristata, at Lion and Rhino Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa (47987248651)

To eat them, the aardwolf uses a long, sticky tongue. It licks the termites right off the ground. One aardwolf can lap up 300,000 termites in just one night! The tongue is very tough to handle the termites' bites. It also swallows sand to help digest its food. This is helpful because its teeth are not for chewing hard things.

Aardwolf
Aardwolf

Scientists have studied how the aardwolf is related to other animals. It belongs to the hyena family, called Hyaenidae.

Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) by Connor Ashbridge
Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) by Connor Ashbridge

In the past, experts put it in its own family called Protelidae. They thought it was just mimicking the striped hyena. Now, studies show it split from other hyenas a long time ago. We are not sure exactly how long ago this happened. The fossil record and genetic studies disagree by 10 million years.

Hyaena striata - 1818-1842 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background)
Hyaena striata - 1818-1842 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background)

There are many interesting facts about how an aardwolf looks and acts. It has a long mane of hair down its back.

The life of animals (Colored Plate 4) (proteles cristatus)
The life of animals (Colored Plate 4) (proteles cristatus)

It raises this mane to look larger during a fight. An adult can weigh up to 14 kilograms.

Aardwolf
Aardwolf

The aardwolf is nocturnal, so it sleeps in burrows during the day. At night, it comes out to find food. It is mostly a solitary animal, meaning it lives alone. However, they form pairs during the mating season. They use scent from special glands to mark their territory.

Aardwolf
Aardwolf

Understanding the aardwolf helps us see how animals fit into their homes. They live in places where specific termites grow.

Aardwolf, Proteles cristata, at Lion and Rhino Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa (47987248651)
Aardwolf, Proteles cristata, at Lion and Rhino Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa (47987248651)

Because they need these insects, they stay in certain areas. They often use old dens made by animals like aardvarks. This shows how different living things share the same land. Even though they are small, they play a big role in the African plains. Watching how they move and eat tells us much about nature.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Aardwolf, Proteles cristata, at Lion and Rhino Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa (47987215058).jpg
Aardwolf, Proteles cristata, at Lion and...
File:Aardwolf, Buffalo Springs National Park, Kenya 1 (cropped).jpg
Aardwolf, Buffalo Springs National Park,...
File:The life of animals (Colored Plate 4) (proteles cristatus).jpg
The life of animals (Colored Plate 4)...
File:Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) by Connor Ashbridge.png
Spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) by Connor...
File:Hyaena striata - 1818-1842 - Print - Iconographia Zoologica - Special Collections University of Amsterdam -(white background).jpg
Hyaena striata - 1818-1842 - Print -...
File:Hyaena fusca (white background).jpg
Hyaena fusca (white background).jpg
File:Aardwolf, Proteles cristata, at Lion and Rhino Reserve, Gauteng, South Africa (47987248651).jpg
Aardwolf, Proteles cristata, at Lion and...
File:Aardwolf.jpg
Aardwolf.jpg
File:Aardwolf.png
Aardwolf.png
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