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El Salvador

geography Maturity 11-13 Next article →

El Salvador is a country located in Central America.

El Salvador Base map
El Salvador Base map

It sits right by the Pacific Ocean to the south. To the north, it shares borders with Guatemala and Honduras. The largest city and the capital is San Salvador.

San Miguel El Salvador
San Miguel El Salvador

In 2024, about 6 million people lived in this nation. The land has many interesting shapes and features.

El Salvador Topography
El Salvador Topography

You can see different types of terrain in the maps.

Long ago, many different groups lived on this land. The Maya people were once part of this region. The Pipil people also lived here and called it Cuzcatlán.

Tazumal 10
Tazumal 10

This name meant "The Place of Precious Jewels." Other groups like the Lenca lived in the eastern parts.

Temazcal en Joya de Cerén
Temazcal en Joya de Cerén

Even earlier, huge animals like giant ground sloths lived here. These animals were as big as elephants. They are now extinct, but their fossils remain.

Spanish explorers arrived in the area in the early 1500s.

Pedro de Alvarado (Tomás Povedano)
Pedro de Alvarado (Tomás Povedano)

One famous leader was named Pedro de Alvarado. The Spanish people found that the volcanic soil was very rich. This made it a great place to grow many things. They first grew cacao and balsam from the hills.

Iglesia Colonial Metapan
Iglesia Colonial Metapan

Later, they used the indigo plant to make blue dye. The name El Salvador comes from a Spanish name for Jesus.

For a long time, the economy relied on farming. In the 19th century, indigo was a very important crop. By the early 20th century, coffee became the main export.

Woman and girl in el salvador making bread
Woman and girl in el salvador making bread

Coffee made up 90% of the money the country earned. Today, the country is working to do more than just farming. They are growing their manufacturing and trade sectors.

GDP per capita development in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras
GDP per capita development in El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras

They also use the United States dollar as money.

El Salvador has also faced some very difficult years. There was a civil war from 1979 to 1992.

32-0032 Monumento a la Memoria y la Verdad
32-0032 Monumento a la Memoria y la Verdad

This war was between the government and guerrilla groups. The fighting ended with the Chapultepec Peace Accords.

This agreement helped create the republic that exists today. Many people also moved to the United States during this time. By 2008, they were a very large immigrant group there.

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🖼️ Images & Media (36)
El_Salvador%27s_national_anthem_(abridged).ogg
File:Orthographic Map of El Salvador.svg
Orthographic Map of El Salvador.svg
File:El Salvador Base map.png
El Salvador Base map.png
File:Temazcal en Joya de Cerén.jpg
Temazcal en Joya de Cerén.jpg
File:Pedro de Alvarado (Tomás Povedano).jpg
Pedro de Alvarado (Tomás Povedano).jpg
File:Tazumal 10.jpg
Tazumal 10.jpg
File:Iglesia Colonial Metapan.jpg
Iglesia Colonial Metapan.jpg
File:Proclama de libertad (indep. Centroamérica).jpg
Proclama de libertad (indep. Centroamérica).jpg
File:Vergara detalle firmaacta1821.JPG
Vergara detalle firmaacta1821.JPG
File:Woman and girl in el salvador making bread.png
Woman and girl in el salvador making bread.png
File:Tomas Regalado1.jpg
Tomas Regalado1.jpg
File:General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez, President of El Salvador.jpg
General Maximiliano Hernández Martínez,...

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