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Dodecanese

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The Dodecanese is a significant island group located in the southeastern Aegean Sea. It sits within the Eastern Mediterranean, positioned off the coast of Anatolia. The group is bordered by Turkey to the east and Crete to the southwest. To the west, the Cyclades islands lie nearby. This archipelago defines the eastern boundary of the Sea of Crete. It is part of a larger island group known as the Southern Sporades. The islands consist of 15 larger islands and 150 smaller islets. Currently, 26 of these islands are inhabited by people.

Turkey.A2005174.0855.250m Dodecanese
Turkey.A2005174.0855.250m Dodecanese

The climate of the region is largely determined by its Mediterranean location. Most of the islands experience a hot-summer Mediterranean climate, classified as Csa under the Köppen system. This means they have hot summers and mild winters. However, some islands like Karpathos, Kasos, and Nisyros have a hot semi-arid climate, or BSh. These islands are drier but still maintain mild winters. The winters in Rhodes, Kos, and Patmos are among the mildest in Europe. Southeast Rhodes is particularly warm. The area near Lindos has a mean annual temperature of around 18°C. It also receives over 3,100 hours of annual sunshine, the highest in Greece.

Kalymnos port
Kalymnos port

The name "Dodecanese" translates to "The Twelve Islands." This name has a complex history involving different groups of islands. In the 8th century, the term appeared in Byzantine sources as a naval command. At that time, it referred to the 12 Cyclades islands near Delos. Historians suggest the name might be even older. They point to the writings of Strabo, who mentioned 12 Cyclades islands in antiquity. The name eventually transferred to the current group during the Ottoman period. This shift occurred as the press in the Kingdom of Greece used the term to describe islands fighting for special privileges.

Symi houses Greece
Symi houses Greece

Political control of the islands has shifted many times throughout history. In 1522, the Ottoman Empire conquered the islands from the Knights Hospitaller. Rhodes and Kos came under direct Ottoman rule. Other islands enjoyed privileges regarding taxation and self-government. In 1912, the Italo-Turkish War resulted in Italy capturing most of the Southern Sporades. The islands of Ikaria and Kastellorizo had different paths. Ikaria joined Greece in 1912, while Kastellorizo came under Italian rule in 1921. Italian authorities later helped solidify the name "Dodecanese." They referred to the territory as "Rhodes and the Dodecanese." The islands finally joined Greece in 1947.

Offices of the Prefecture of the Dodecanese 02
Offices of the Prefecture of the Dodecanese 02

Ancient history in the Dodecanese began in prehistoric times. During the Neopalatial period, the islands had heavy Minoan influence. Following the Minoans, Mycenaean Greeks ruled until the arrival of the Dorians around 1100 BC. The Dorian period brought prosperity and independent culture. In the 6th century BC, the Dorians founded three major cities on Rhodes: Lindos, Kameiros, and Ialyssos. These cities, along with Kos and others, formed the Dorian Hexapolis. Rhodes became a dominant maritime and commercial power. In 304 BC, the Colossus of Rhodes was built. This statue was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

The islands also served as vital cultural and religious centers. The island of Kos hosted the famous medical school of Hippocrates. During the Roman period, Rhodes became a major center for education. It even hosted many noble families from Rome. In the 1st century, Saint Paul and Saint John visited the islands. This helped convert the region to Christianity. Saint John is said to have resided on Patmos. He wrote the Book of Revelation while in exile there.

Chora di Patmos con il Monastero di San Giovanni "il teologo"
Chora di Patmos con il Monastero di San Giovanni "il teologo"

In the Middle Ages, the Knights Hospitaller took control of the islands. They established a strong presence on Rhodes in 1309. The Knights built massive stone fortresses and citadels to protect their territory. These fortifications helped them repel invasions from the Sultan of Egypt and Mehmed II. However, the citadel of Rhodes eventually fell to Suleiman the Magnificent in 1522. This marked the end of the Knights' rule and the beginning of Ottoman control. Today, the islands remain a part of Greece. They are organized as the Dodecanese Prefecture.

The Mosque of Suleiman (view from below). Rhodes cityscape, the island of Rhodes, the Dodecanese, Greece
The Mosque of Suleiman (view from below). Rhodes cityscape, the island of Rhodes, the Dodecanese, Greece
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🖼️ Images & Media (14)
File:Turkey.A2005174.0855.250m Dodecanese.jpg
Turkey.A2005174.0855.250m Dodecanese.jpg
File:Doric Temple of Athena Lindia.jpg
Doric Temple of Athena Lindia.jpg
File:Colosse de Rhodes (Barclay).jpg
Colosse de Rhodes (Barclay).jpg
File:Chora di Patmos con il Monastero di San Giovanni "il teologo".JPG
Chora di Patmos con il Monastero di San...
File:Rhodes old town Greece 6.jpg
Rhodes old town Greece 6.jpg
File:The Mosque of Suleiman (view from below). Rhodes cityscape, the island of Rhodes, the Dodecanese, Greece.jpg
The Mosque of Suleiman (view from below)....
File:Offices of the Prefecture of the Dodecanese 02.jpg
Offices of the Prefecture of the Dodecanese 02.jpg
File:LerosWarCemetery2.JPG
LerosWarCemetery2.JPG
File:Diafáni – Fountain of Neptune - 1.jpg
Diafáni – Fountain of Neptune - 1.jpg
File:Kalymnos port.JPG
Kalymnos port.JPG
File:Symi houses Greece.jpg
Symi houses Greece.jpg
File:Kastro.jpg
Kastro.jpg

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