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Commodore 64

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The Commodore 64, often called the C64, is a landmark 8-bit home computer.

C64 startup animiert
C64 startup animiert

It was first introduced in January 1982 at the Consumer Electronics Show in Las Vegas. The C64 is famous for its massive commercial success. It is listed in the Guinness World Records as the best-selling desktop computer model of all time. Independent estimates suggest that between 12.5 and 17 million units were sold. In the United States, the C64 held a 30% to 40% market share from 1983 to 1986. It even outsold major competitors like the Apple II and Atari 8-bit computers.

3 versioner av c64 (modified)
3 versioner av c64 (modified)

What made the C64 stand out was its specialized internal hardware. The computer used custom integrated circuit chips to provide superior audio and visuals. One essential component was the MOS Technology VIC-II, or Video Integrated Circuit. This chip handled graphics and supported multicolor sprites, which are moving images on a screen.

Gesteuerter Sprite läuft nach oben (Spittis Search Game Commodore 64)
Gesteuerter Sprite läuft nach oben (Spittis Search Game Commodore 64)

Another critical part was the MOS Technology SID, or Sound Interface Device. The SID chip acted as a true music synthesizer. This allowed the C64 to produce high-quality audio that many other systems could not match.

The development of the C64 was a rapid and intense process. It began as a project to create chips for a next-generation game console called the Ultimax. However, engineers Robert "Bob" Russell and Robert "Bob" Yannes wanted to create a low-cost successor to the VIC-20. They proposed a new machine to Commodore CEO Jack Tramiel. Tramiel insisted the computer have 64K of random-access memory (RAM). This amount of memory gave the machine its name. The design team, including Yash Terakura and Shiraz Shivji, worked through Thanksgiving and Christmas weekends to meet a January deadline.

Commodore MAX Machine (shadow) (xparent bg)
Commodore MAX Machine (shadow) (xparent bg)

Commodore used a business strategy called vertical integration to keep prices low.

C64motherboard
C64motherboard

This means the company owned many of its own suppliers. Specifically, Commodore owned MOS Technology, which was its own semiconductor fabrication facility. Because they manufactured their own custom chips in-house, they could control costs effectively. At its debut, the C64 cost approximately $595. This was much lower than many competitors. For example, the Apple II was often twice as expensive. This affordable mass-production helped bring computing technology into middle-class households. It has been compared to the role of the Ford Model T automobile.

Despite its success, the C64 faced several technical and market challenges. Early production models suffered from reliability issues. One specific problem involved the PLA chip, which had a high failure rate due to a new production process. There were also shortages of the 1541 disk drives. The C64 also had a "closed" architecture compared to the Apple II. While the Apple II used internal expansion slots, the C64 relied mostly on a single external ROM cartridge port. However, the C64 compensated by having many ports integrated directly into its motherboard. This allowed it to connect to peripherals without using the cartridge port.

Commodore-64-Computer-BL
Commodore-64-Computer-BL

The C64's impact on the industry was profound and sometimes controversial. Its aggressive pricing helped trigger the video game crash of 1983. Commodore used clever marketing, such as offering a $100 rebate for trading in other consoles. This led to intense price wars with companies like Texas Instruments. In the United Kingdom, the C64 was the second-most-popular computer, trailing only the ZX Spectrum. However, it struggled in other regions. In Japan, the market was dominated by machines like the NEC PC-8801. In France, the ZX Spectrum and Amstrad CPC 464 were much more popular.

Even decades after it left the market, the C64's legacy continues. Approximately 10,000 commercial software titles were created for the system. These included video games, office applications, and development tools.

CBM64Cartridges
CBM64Cartridges

Today, people can still run these programs using emulators on modern computers or game consoles. The machine is also credited with popularizing the computer demoscene. Some hobbyists still use the actual hardware today. The brand remains incredibly strong in public memory. In 2011, research showed that brand recognition for the Commodore 64 was still at 87%.

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🖼️ Images & Media (19)
File:C64 startup animiert.gif
C64 startup animiert.gif
File:CBM64Cartridges.JPG
CBM64Cartridges.JPG
File:Commodore MAX Machine (shadow) (xparent bg).png
Commodore MAX Machine (shadow) (xparent bg).png
File:Commodore Educator 64 (standout version).jpg
Commodore Educator 64 (standout version).jpg
File:Sx-64 build crop.jpg
Sx-64 build crop.jpg
File:C64c system.jpg
C64c system.jpg
File:C64GS-Console-Set.jpg
C64GS-Console-Set.jpg
File:Simons Basic Splash Screen.gif
Simons Basic Splash Screen.gif
File:C64 Block Diagram new.svg
C64 Block Diagram new.svg
File:Fonts-C64.png
Fonts-C64.png
File:Gesteuerter Sprite läuft nach oben (Spittis Search Game Commodore 64).jpg
Gesteuerter Sprite läuft nach oben...
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