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Apple II

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The Apple II is a highly influential series of microcomputers manufactured by Apple Computer, Inc.

Apple iie
Apple iie

It was produced from 1977 to 1993, spanning a sixteen-year era of computing history. Unlike many earlier microcomputers that were sold as kits for hobbyists to assemble, the Apple II was marketed as a finished consumer appliance. This design choice made it accessible to families and businesses rather than just engineers. The series represented a massive leap forward from its predecessor, the Apple I. It offered significantly better ease of use, more advanced features, and much greater expandability.

Apple II advertisement Dec 1977 page 1
Apple II advertisement Dec 1977 page 1

At its core, the original Apple II functioned using a MOS Technology 6502 8-bit microprocessor.

Apple II Plus
Apple II Plus

This processor ran at a speed of 1.023 MHz. The machine could display text and two different resolutions of color graphics. To produce sound, the computer used a unique software-driven method. Instead of using a dedicated sound-synthesis chip, it used a toggle circuit to click a built-in speaker. Software would trigger these clicks at specific intervals to generate music or speech. The motherboard featured eight expansion slots for adding new hardware. Users could plug in memory boards, serial controllers, or even networking components. This modularity allowed the computer to grow with the needs of the user.

The series evolved through several distinct models over its long production life. The original Apple II was followed by the Apple II Plus in June 1979. The II Plus included the Applesoft BASIC programming language in its ROM. In 1983, Apple released the Apple IIe, which became the most popular model in the series.

Apple iie
Apple iie

The IIe was a powerful machine that supported both upper and lowercase letters. It also featured a standard 64 KB of RAM. In 1984, Apple introduced the Apple IIc, which was a compact and portable unit.

Apple iicb
Apple iicb

This model featured a built-in handle and a unique off-white color. Finally, the Apple IIGS arrived in 1986. This model used a 16-bit 65C816 processor and offered much more advanced graphics and sound.

The history of the Apple II is tied to the work of key innovators. Steve Wozniak designed the original Apple II model, which first went on sale on June 10, 1977.

Wozniak also created the Disk II floppy disk drive interface. This interface was considered an engineering masterpiece because of its efficient use of electronic components. As the series expanded globally, Apple released specialized versions for different markets. These included the Apple II Europlus for Europe and Australia, and the Apple II J-Plus for Japan. These models featured hardware and firmware changes to meet local standards. The series remained in production for a remarkably long time, with the IIe being discontinued in November 1993.

The commercial significance of the Apple II series was massive. During its sixteen-year run, Apple sold approximately 6 million total units.

Apple II advertisement Dec 1977 page 1
Apple II advertisement Dec 1977 page 1

This total includes about 1.25 million Apple IIGS models. Sales reached a peak in 1983, when the company sold 1 million units in a single year. Even after the Macintosh was introduced in 1984, the Apple II remained a financial powerhouse. In the first quarter of fiscal 1985, the Apple II series accounted for 85% of Apple's total hardware sales. This success helped establish Apple as a major player in the computer industry.

Many specific details highlight the versatility of the platform. For example, the Apple II could run specialized software like VisiCalc, a popular spreadsheet released in 1979.

Apple IIGS with peripherals
Apple IIGS with peripherals

The machine also supported the CP/M operating system through an optional Z80-based expansion card. This allowed users to run professional programs like WordStar and dBase II. The computer's ability to display color was so central to its identity that the Apple logo featured rainbow stripes. This colorful design remained a part of the corporate brand until 1998. Additionally, the power supply designed by Rod Holt used a switched-mode design. This allowed the machine to be smaller and run cooler than many competitors.

The Apple II series played a vital role in connecting technology to society. It was the first computer to see widespread use in American secondary schools. By providing volume discounts to educational institutions, Apple displaced the previous leader, the Commodore PET. This move helped integrate computing into the classroom for an entire generation of students. The platform also bridged the gap between home use and professional business environments. Because it could support over 1,500 different software programs, it became a tool for both education and industry. This versatility helped define the role of the personal computer in modern life.

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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:Apple iie.jpg
Apple iie.jpg
File:Apple IIc with monitor.jpg
Apple IIc with monitor.jpg
File:Apple Museum (Prague) Apple IIGS Woz (1986).jpg
Apple Museum (Prague) Apple IIGS Woz (1986).jpg
File:Micromodem II in Apple II.jpg
Micromodem II in Apple II.jpg
File:Apple II Plus.jpg
Apple II Plus.jpg
File:Apple II plus.jpg
Apple II plus.jpg
File:Apple II J-Plus.jpg
Apple II J-Plus.jpg
File:Apple iicb.jpg
Apple iicb.jpg
File:Apple IIGS with peripherals.jpg
Apple IIGS with peripherals.jpg
File:Apple IIc Plus (front).jpg
Apple IIc Plus (front).jpg
File:Apple II advertisement Dec 1977 page 1.jpg
Apple II advertisement Dec 1977 page 1.jpg
File:Apple II Europlus Tietokonemuseo.JPG
Apple II Europlus Tietokonemuseo.JPG
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