Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
💻

Cloudflare

technology Maturity 9-11 Next article →

Cloudflare, Inc. is a major American technology company based in San Francisco, California. It provides essential internet services that improve website performance and security. The company operates primarily as a reverse proxy. This means Cloudflare sits between a website visitor and the server where the website is hosted. By acting as a middleman, Cloudflare can speed up how content reaches users. It also protects websites from malicious traffic before it reaches the host. As of January 2026, Cloudflare is used by approximately 21.3% of all websites on the internet.

To understand how Cloudflare works, one must look at its core infrastructure. The company uses a content delivery network, or CDN, to serve content across its global network of servers. It supports many different transport layer protocols, such as TCP, UDP, and QUIC. It also handles application layer protocols like HTTP/2 and DNS over HTTPS. These technologies allow the company to manage a massive amount of data. In fact, Cloudflare handles an average of 45 million HTTP requests every single second. To power this heavy workload, its servers use AMD EPYC 9684X processors.

Cloudflare offers several distinct types of services for different needs. One major area is edge computing through its Workers platform. This is a serverless computing platform that lets developers create applications without managing their own hardware. They also offer Cloudflare Pages, which is a platform for deploying websites. For security, they provide DDoS mitigation to stop large-scale attacks. They also offer a public DNS resolver called 1.1.1.1 and a VPN service known as WARP. These tools help both large businesses and individual consumers stay connected and safe.

One of the company's most critical roles is mitigating Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks. A DDoS attack occurs when a massive number of computers attempt to crash a website at once. Cloudflare has defended against some of the largest attacks in internet history. In 2013, they helped defend The Spamhaus Project against an attack exceeding 300 gigabits per second. In July 2021, they absorbed an attack over 1.2 terabits per second. Most recently, in December 2025, they faced an attack called "The Night Before Christmas." This attack was launched by an Aisuru botnet and reached a massive 31.4 terabits per second.

Cloudflare has a long history of growth and evolution since its founding. Matthew Prince, Lee Holloway, and Michelle Zatlyn founded the company on July 26, 2009. They chose the name Cloudflare because it represented a "firewall in the cloud." The company went public on the New York Stock Exchange in 2019 under the ticker symbol NET. Since then, Cloudflare has grown by acquiring many specialized technology companies. These acquisitions include Area 1 Security in 2022 and Replicate in late 2025. These moves have allowed the company to expand into new fields like artificial intelligence.

Artificial intelligence is now a major part of Cloudflare's infrastructure. In 2023, they launched Workers AI, which lets developers use Nvidia GPUs within the Cloudflare network. They also created tools to manage how AI bots interact with websites. For example, they launched AI Audit to provide analytics on AI models scraping sites. In March 2025, they introduced a feature called AI Labyrinth. This tool combats unauthorized data scraping by serving fake, AI-generated content to LLM bots. These tools help website owners control how their data is used by automated systems.

Lava Lamps at Cloudflare 1 2022-12-04
Lava Lamps at Cloudflare 1 2022-12-04

Even the way Cloudflare secures data is unique and relies on physical randomness. To create strong encryption keys, the company uses a method called Lavarand. At their San Francisco headquarters, they use a wall of lava lamps for this purpose. A camera captures the unpredictable movement of the lava blobs and turns them into digital images. This creates the randomness needed for secure coding. They also use double pendulums in their London offices and Geiger counters in Singapore to achieve this same goal. This combination of physical science and digital technology helps keep the internet's most sensitive information secure.

666 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (1)
File:Lava Lamps at Cloudflare 1 2022-12-04.jpeg
Lava Lamps at Cloudflare 1 2022-12-04.jpeg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.