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PLOS ONE is a massive, peer-reviewed, open access journal.

PLOS ONE logo 2012
PLOS ONE logo 2012

It is published by the Public Library of Science, also known as PLOS. This journal is a "mega journal" because it covers almost every field within science and medicine. Unlike traditional journals, it does not decide if a study is important enough to publish. Instead, it focuses on whether the research was done correctly and follows strict rules. This approach allows scientific knowledge to be shared more broadly with the entire world.

The journal uses a specific process called peer review to ensure quality. First, the journal staff and an in-house editorial team check the submission. They verify that the paper follows ethical standards and discloses any competing interests. Next, an academic editor reviews the paper. This editor is a member of the board with expertise in that specific science. The editor then decides if the paper needs an external peer review from outside experts. These experts provide feedback on the data and the methods used. Finally, the editor can accept the paper, reject it, or ask for revisions.

PLOS ONE operates on a unique business model called open access. Most scientific journals require readers to pay a subscription to see research. PLOS ONE works differently by making all articles free for the public immediately. This is possible because of an article processing charge. This fee is typically paid by the author or their institution. This model ensures that anyone with an internet connection can learn from the research. To protect authors, the journal may reduce or waive these fees for those without enough funds.

The history of PLOS began with an online petition in the year 2000. Three scientists led this movement: Harold Varmus, Patrick O. Brown, and Michael Eisen.

They were supported by large grants from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. In December 2002, the foundation awarded $9 million to help the organization. They provided another $1 million in May 2006. PLOS ONE itself launched as a beta version in December 2006. It grew from a weekly schedule to a daily publication schedule by August 2008.

The scale of the journal is truly enormous. In 2007, the journal published 1,200 papers. By 2013, that number had risen to 31,500 papers per year. By September 2017, the journal had published more than 200,000 articles in total. In 2011, one out of every 60 articles in the PubMed database was from PLOS ONE. The journal's impact factor, which measures how often articles are cited, was 4.4 in 2010. By 2024, the impact factor was recorded at 2.6.

Because it is an online-only journal, PLOS ONE offers many digital features. Papers can be any length and include full color images. Authors can also include supplementary materials like multimedia files. In 2009, the journal began making its usage data public. This includes HTML page views and how many times a PDF was downloaded. This allows the scientific community to see how much interest a paper generates. Registered readers can also leave comments directly on the articles to start discussions.

Managing such a large system requires a massive international team. The journal uses a board of over 6,000 academic editors to handle submissions. On average, each paper is reviewed by 2.9 experts. The journal has seen many leaders over the years. Chris Surridge was the founding managing editor. He was followed by Peter Binfield, then Damian Pattinson, then Joerg Heber. Most recently, Emily Chenette took over the editor-in-chief position in March 2021. This large network helps the journal maintain its role in global science.

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