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GitHub is a proprietary developer platform used to create, store, manage, and share computer code.

GithubAWSTorontoSummit
GithubAWSTorontoSummit

It serves as the world's largest host for source code, acting as a central hub for software development. The platform provides essential tools like access control, bug tracking, and task management. It also offers wikis for projects and continuous integration services. By hosting these tools, GitHub allows developers to collaborate on complex software projects from anywhere in the world.

At the core of GitHub is a system called Git.

Mapping collaborative software on GitHub
Mapping collaborative software on GitHub

Git is a tool for distributed version control, which was written by Linus Torvalds. This system allows developers to track every change made to a file. When a developer wants to propose a change, they use a pull request. This process allows others to review the code and see a "diff," or a comparison between the old and new versions. Once the changes are approved, they are saved through an action called "committing." Every commit is recorded in a history that can be viewed later.

GitHub offers several different ways to manage and view code. Users can interact with the platform using a standard command-line interface or through various desktop clients and plugins. The site also includes social networking features like feeds, followers, and a social network graph. This graph helps developers visualize how different people are working on "forks," which are copies of a repository. For documentation, GitHub uses README files and wikis. Some repositories even consist entirely of wiki content, such as "awesome lists" which are curated software recommendations.

Number of open source contributors by company
Number of open source contributors by company

The history of GitHub began with the development of the platform in October 2007. It was launched in April 2008 by Tom Preston-Werner, Chris Wanstrath, P. J. Hyett, and Scott Chacon. The platform was built using Ruby on Rails. Originally, the company operated as a flat organization without middle managers. This meant employees could choose projects based on their own interests through open allocation. However, the company added middle management in 2014 following leadership changes and allegations of harassment involving a co-founder.

GitHub has experienced massive growth since its early years. In 2009, the site had 135,000 repositories and about 100,000 users. By 2010, it reached one million repositories, and this number doubled the following year. By 2013, the platform passed three million users and ten million repositories by the end of that year. In June 2025, the number of repositories on the site surpassed one billion. Notably, the billionth repository contained only a single profanity.

The scale of the platform today is immense. GitHub reported having over 100 million developers and more than 420 million repositories. This includes at least 28 million public repositories that anyone can view. In 2024, more than five billion developer contributions were made to over 500 million open source projects.

GitHub Codespaces side by side terminal
GitHub Codespaces side by side terminal

The company's financial value has also grown significantly. In 2012, it was valued at $750 million, but by 2015, venture capital investments brought its valuation to approximately $2 billion.

Microsoft acquired GitHub on October 26, 2018, for $7.5 billion. This acquisition was part of a business strategy to focus on cloud computing and open-source software. While some developers expressed concern about Microsoft's ownership, the company has continued to operate independently. Microsoft itself is a major user of the platform, hosting tools like Windows Calculator, PowerShell, and Visual Studio Code. GitHub also provides specialized services like GitHub Education, which offers free bundles to schools, and GitHub Enterprise for organizations.

Beyond code management, GitHub includes unique features and a recognizable identity. The platform's mascot is an "octocat" named Mona, a character with five octopus-like arms. This character was adapted from an illustration called Octopuss by designer Simon Oxley. GitHub also offers GitHub Codespaces, which provides an online integrated development environment (IDE). This allows users to work in a virtual machine to build and test their code directly in a browser. Through these various tools, GitHub remains a fundamental part of the global software ecosystem.

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File:GithubAWSTorontoSummit.jpg
GithubAWSTorontoSummit.jpg
File:Mapping collaborative software on GitHub.png
Mapping collaborative software on GitHub.png
File:Number of open source contributors by company.png
Number of open source contributors by company.png
GitHub Codespaces side by side terminal.webp
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