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Cherry

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

A cherry is a delicious fruit that comes from many different plants. Most of these plants belong to a group called the genus Prunus. Scientists call a cherry a fleshy drupe. This means the fruit is soft and fleshy with one hard stone in the middle.

Cherry season (48216568227)
Cherry season (48216568227)

There are two main types that people grow for food. The sweet cherry, known as Prunus avium, is very popular. The sour cherry, or Prunus cerasus, is often used for cooking. People use the word cherry to describe the fruit, the tree, and even the wood.

Italienische Süßkirschen
Italienische Süßkirschen

Growing these trees is a careful process. Cherry trees need a certain amount of chilling hours each year. This cold weather helps the tree break dormancy, which is like a deep winter sleep. After the cold, the trees blossom in the spring.

In the Northern Hemisphere, they usually blossom in April. The best time to harvest the fruit is during the summer. In the Southern Hemisphere, the peak season is in late December. This timing is why cherries are often linked to Christmas in some places.

Salvatore Postiglione Kirschenzeit
Salvatore Postiglione Kirschenzeit

Humans have enjoyed cherries for a very long time. People have eaten them since prehistoric times across Europe and Asia. One famous record shows Lucius Licinius Lucullus brought cultivated cherries to Rome in 72 BCE.

Sara Ploos van Amstel - The Cherry Seller - watercolor after Jacob Ochtervelt
Sara Ploos van Amstel - The Cherry Seller - watercolor after Jacob Ochtervelt

Later, King Henry VIII helped introduce cherries to England. He had tasted them in Flanders and ordered them to be planted in Kent. In North America, cherries likely arrived around 1606 in a colony called New France. A man named Richard Guthrie described seeing many fruit trees there in 1629.

Cherry season (48216568192)
Cherry season (48216568192)

Farmers work hard to grow cherries because they can be delicate. Some pests, like the black cherry aphid, can make leaves curl. Fruit flies may also lay eggs inside the fruit.

Brunatna zgnilizna drzew pestkowych
Brunatna zgnilizna drzew pestkowych

To harvest the fruit, farmers sometimes use a machine called a shaker. Other farmers pick them by hand to keep the fruit safe. In 2020, the world produced a huge amount of cherries. Turkey was the top producer of sweet cherries, growing 724,994 tonnes. Russia led the way for sour cherries with 254,800 tonnes.

Black Che
Black Che

When you eat a cherry, you are tasting history. The word cherry comes from the Latin word cerasum. This word refers to an ancient Greek region called Kerasous near Turkey. People believe cherries were first sent from that area to Europe.

Washington USA Rainier cherries
Washington USA Rainier cherries

You might see different kinds of cherries in the store. Some are bright and sweet, while others are tart and sour. Even though they look similar, they come from different species. Whether they are sweet or sour, they are a special part of our world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (15)
File:Cherry season (48216568227).jpg
Cherry season (48216568227).jpg
File:Italienische Süßkirschen.JPG
Italienische Süßkirschen.JPG
File:Black Che.jpg
Black Che.jpg
File:Cereza_del_valle_del_Jerte-(DavidDaguerro).JPG
Cereza_del_valle_del_Jerte-(DavidDaguerro).JPG
File:Stablo trešnje Germersdorfer u cvatu.jpg
Stablo trešnje Germersdorfer u cvatu.jpg
File:Вишня войлочная 04.jpg
Вишня войлочная 04.jpg
File:Prunus ilicifolia ne1.jpg
Prunus ilicifolia ne1.jpg
File:20140808Prunus serotina2.jpg
20140808Prunus serotina2.jpg
File:Sara_Ploos_van_Amstel_-_The_Cherry_Seller_-_watercolor_after_Jacob_Ochtervelt.jpg
Sara_Ploos_van_Amstel_-_The_Cherry_Seller_...
File:Salvatore Postiglione Kirschenzeit.jpg
Salvatore Postiglione Kirschenzeit.jpg
File:Brunatna zgnilizna drzew pestkowych.jpg
Brunatna zgnilizna drzew pestkowych.jpg
File:Washington USA Rainier cherries.jpg
Washington USA Rainier cherries.jpg

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