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Cheese

language culture Maturity 7-9 Vital Level 3 Next article →

Cheese is a delicious food made from milk.

Milk 001
Milk 001

It is made by grouping milk proteins together. These proteins are called casein. Most cheese comes from the milk of cows, goats, or sheep. Sometimes, people use milk from water buffalo too.

Cheese platter
Cheese platter

People value cheese because it is easy to carry. It also lasts a long time on a shelf. Cheese is full of important things like fat and protein. It also has calcium and phosphorus for our bodies.

Cheese display, Cambridge MA - DSC05391
Cheese display, Cambridge MA - DSC05391

Making cheese is a very interesting thing that happens. First, the milk must be acidified, which means making it sour. Makers often add starter bacteria to do this. These bacteria turn milk sugars into lactic acid.

Production of cheese 1
Production of cheese 1

Next, an enzyme called rennet is added to help the milk thicken. This turns the milk into solid bits called curds. The liquid that is left over is called whey. The maker then separates the curds from the liquid whey. For many cheeses, the curds are cut into small cubes.

Formaggi
Formaggi

This helps the extra water drain away.

Cheesemaking is a very old tradition. It likely began by accident a long time ago. People might have stored milk in animal stomachs. The rennet in the stomach would turn the milk into curds.

Clara Peeters - Still Life with Cheeses, Almonds and Pretzels
Clara Peeters - Still Life with Cheeses, Almonds and Pretzels

We have found evidence of cheesemaking in Poland from 5500 BCE. In the Mediterranean, evidence dates to 5200 BCE. Ancient Egyptians also made cheese around 2000 BCE.

Even in China, preserved cheese was found in the Taklamakan Desert. This cheese was as old as 1615 BCE.

There are over one thousand different types of cheese today.

Hartkaese HardCheeses
Hartkaese HardCheeses

The flavor depends on the animal's diet and the milk used. Some makers add herbs, garlic, or even wood smoke. You might find cheese with black pepper or cranberries inside. Some cheeses have special molds on the outside layer called a rind.

Cheese, wine and bread in a sidewalk cafe in Paris, June 2015
Cheese, wine and bread in a sidewalk cafe in Paris, June 2015

Hard cheeses like Cheddar or Parmesan last a long time. Soft cheeses like Brie are different. In 2022, the world made 22.6 million tonnes of cow milk cheese. The United States made 28% of that total.

Cheese connects us to many parts of history. In ancient Greece, legends said a man named Aristaeus discovered it. The famous story of the Cyclops also mentions cheese.

In the Roman Empire, cheese was a very important food. Pliny the Elder wrote about many different kinds of cheese.

Parmigiano reggiano factory
Parmigiano reggiano factory

Later, in 1851, Jesse Williams started making cheese in a factory in New York. This helped make cheese available to many more people. Today, cheese is a popular food found all over the world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (18)
File:Flag of the Netherlands.svg
Flag of the Netherlands.svg
File:Cheese, wine and bread in a sidewalk cafe in Paris, June 2015.jpg
Cheese, wine and bread in a sidewalk cafe...
File:Cheese display, Cambridge MA - DSC05391.jpg
Cheese display, Cambridge MA - DSC05391.jpg
File:Oscypek sheeps cheese stalls, Zakopane.JPG
Oscypek sheeps cheese stalls, Zakopane.JPG
File:Production of cheese 1.jpg
Production of cheese 1.jpg
File:Ricotta affumicata della sila.jpg
Ricotta affumicata della sila.jpg
File:Clara Peeters - Still Life with Cheeses, Almonds and Pretzels.jpg
Clara Peeters - Still Life with Cheeses,...
File:Hartkaese HardCheeses.jpg
Hartkaese HardCheeses.jpg
File:Parmigiano reggiano factory.jpg
Parmigiano reggiano factory.jpg
File:Formaggi.JPG
Formaggi.JPG
File:Milk 001.JPG
Milk 001.JPG
File:Cormeilles Market 9 Artlibre jnl.jpg
Cormeilles Market 9 Artlibre jnl.jpg

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