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Casualty (person)

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A casualty is a term used to describe a person who is unavailable for duty. In the military, this usually means a person can no longer take part in a battle or a campaign. This can happen for many different reasons. A person might be killed or injured during a fight. They might also become sick or suffer from psychological trauma. Sometimes, a person is captured by an enemy or goes missing. Even desertion, which is leaving a unit without permission, makes someone a casualty.

British, French and Italian wounded soldiers in a group, as cheery as ever (4687985161)
British, French and Italian wounded soldiers in a group, as cheery as ever (4687985161)

Military groups use different names to group these people. NATO uses very specific definitions to stay organized. A battle casualty is someone hurt by hostile action during a mission. A non-battle casualty is someone lost to their group due to disease or other injuries. There are also medical casualties. These are people who are hurt by combat or sickness and need hospital care for more than one day. Some historians also use the term irrecoverable casualty. This refers to someone killed or missing before they could reach a medical station.

People have used this word in a military way for a long time. The Oxford English Dictionary shows the word was used for military casualties in 1513. This is over five hundred years ago. Later, the word began to be used for civilians in 1844. In civilian life, a casualty is someone hurt or killed by a violent event or a disaster. People sometimes think it only means people who died. However, it also includes people who have non-fatal injuries.

Laceration buttocks shell fragment MSHWR part II, vol 2 pag 430
Laceration buttocks shell fragment MSHWR part II, vol 2 pag 430

There are many ways to classify what happens to a person. A person killed by an enemy is called killed in action. A person who is reported missing during combat is missing in action. This could mean they were killed, wounded, or taken as a prisoner of war. Sometimes, people are also called collateral damage. This is a different way to talk about civilians who are hurt or killed by military forces. It is a way to describe these events using more formal words.

Understanding these terms helps us look at history and big events. For example, the World Health Report in 2004 looked at how many people are hurt each year. It estimated that unintentional injuries caused about 6.2 percent of all deaths. Intentional injuries, like war or violence, accounted for about 2.8 percent of deaths. These numbers help us see how different events affect people around the world. Knowing these words helps us read about the past more clearly.

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File:British, French and Italian wounded soldiers in a group, as cheery as ever (4687985161).jpg
British, French and Italian wounded...
File:Laceration buttocks shell fragment MSHWR part II, vol 2 pag 430.png
Laceration buttocks shell fragment MSHWR...
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