Nepedia
Back to Discover
Advanced Reader
🧬

Burmese cat

life science Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The Burmese cat is a pedigreed breed of domestic cat. It is known for its social temperament and unique coat colors. Most modern Burmese cats descend from a single female cat named Wong Mau. She was brought from Burma to the United States in 1930. This cat was bred with American Siamese cats to create the breed.

Geisha One Year Old (5640618397)
Geisha One Year Old (5640618397)

Today, the breed is recognized for its muscular build and vocal nature. It is often described as a "brick wrapped in silk" because it feels heavy for its size.

The breed's appearance is defined by two distinct standards. These are the European Burmese and the American Burmese. The European or "traditional" type is a slender, long-bodied cat. It has a wedge-shaped head and large, pointed ears. Its muzzle is long and tapering, and its eyes are almond-shaped. In contrast, the American or "contemporary" Burmese is much stockier. It has a broad head, round eyes, and a shorter, flattened muzzle.

Geisha på fluff (4735888531)
Geisha på fluff (4735888531)

Both types have short, glossy coats with a satin-like finish.

Coloration in Burmese cats is driven by a specific genetic mechanism. This is caused by the Burmese colorpoint restriction gene, also called sepia. This gene is a type of temperature-sensitive acromelanism. It reduces the amount of pigment produced in the fur. This process converts black into a warm brown color on the torso. It also makes all other coat colors appear paler than usual.

Geisha One Year Old (5640618397)
Geisha One Year Old (5640618397)

Originally, all Burmese cats were a dark brown known as black sepia.

The history of the breed involves several key figures and locations. In 1871, Harrison Weir organized a cat show in London. Siamese cats at the show resembled the modern breed's build. Later, Joseph Cheesman Thompson imported Wong Mau to San Francisco in 1930. He bred her with a black point Siamese named Tai Mau. Their offspring became the foundation for the new strain. The Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA) granted formal recognition in 1936. However, the CFA suspended recognition a decade later due to extensive outcrossing. The suspension was permanently lifted in 1954.

Breed development has led to a wide variety of colors and patterns. The first blue Burmese was born in Britain in 1955. Red, cream, and tortoiseshell colors appeared in following decades. In the United States, chocolate colors were developed. Lilac, a major color variant, was developed in the USA starting in 1971.

Geisha på fluff (4735888531)
Geisha på fluff (4735888531)

Other colors like cinnamon and fawn appeared later in the Netherlands and New Zealand. A new mutation called "russet" appeared in New Zealand in 2007. This color starts dark and fades to a pale orange as the cat grows.

Behaviorally, Burmese cats are highly people-oriented. They maintain kitten-like energy and playfulness throughout their adulthood. Many owners describe them as having "puppy-like" characteristics. They often form strong bonds and learn games like fetch or tag. They are also very vocal, though their voices are softer than Siamese cats.

Geisha One Year Old (5640618397)
Geisha One Year Old (5640618397)

Because they are not very independent, they do not like being left alone. They require significant human contact to stay happy.

Genetic and health studies provide important details about the breed. A 2008 study at UC Davis found that American Burmese have very low genetic diversity. This can lead to inbreeding depression, such as smaller litters or immune issues. Health studies also show specific risks for the breed. For example, a 2016 study in England found a higher prevalence of diabetes mellitus.

Geisha på fluff (4735888531)
Geisha på fluff (4735888531)

Some bloodlines also face feline orofacial pain syndrome (FOPS). This causes extreme discomfort during the eruption of new teeth in kittens. Despite these risks, the average life expectancy in the UK is 14.42 years.

The Burmese breed has influenced many other cat types. The early crossbreeding of Burmese and Siamese led to the Tonkinese breed. Burmese cats were also instrumental in developing the Bombay and the Burmilla.

Geisha One Year Old (5640618397)
Geisha One Year Old (5640618397)

The sepia gene is also found in other breeds, such as the Singapura. This shows how specific genetic traits can spread across different feline lineages.

658 words

Where will your curiosity go next?

Keep exploring at your chosen reading level.

🖼️ Images & Media (2)
File:Geisha One Year Old (5640618397).jpg
Geisha One Year Old (5640618397).jpg
File:Geisha på fluff (4735888531).jpg
Geisha på fluff (4735888531).jpg
More to explore

🔬 Go deeper

More advanced topics to explore

🪜 Step back

Simpler topics to build understanding

What is Nepedia?

A free, ad-free encyclopedia for children. Every article is written at five reading levels, so the same page works for a five-year-old and a fifteen-year-old — use the level switcher above to see this one change. No account needed to read.