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American Shorthair

life science Maturity 5-7 Next article →

The American Shorthair is a distinct breed of domestic cat.

GC Yatfung's Brown Cobra
GC Yatfung's Brown Cobra

This breed is recognized for its sturdy build and varied appearance. It is a pedigreed breed, which means it has a recorded history and follows strict standards. These standards are set by organizations like the Cat Fanciers' Association (CFA). The CFA also includes The International Cat Association (TICA). In 2020, the American Shorthair was the eighth-most-popular pedigreed cat globally. This popularity shows how much people value the breed today.

The history of this cat begins with travelers from Europe. When settlers sailed to North America, they brought cats on their ships. These animals were known as ship's cats. Their primary job was to protect valuable cargo from mice and rats. For example, cats traveled on the Mayflower with the Pilgrims. These cats hunted rodents on the ships and in the new colonies. Over time, these cats landed in the New World and interbred. This process helped them develop special traits to survive the new climate. They changed to cope with their new environment and lifestyle.

In the early 20th century, people started a selective breeding program. This program aimed to develop the best qualities of these cats. Originally, the breed was known as the Domestic Shorthair. In 1966, the name was changed to the American Shorthair. This change highlighted their "all-American" origins. It also helped distinguish them from other short-haired cats. The new name emphasizes their status as a specific pedigreed breed. This separates them from random-bred domestic cats that might look similar. Both the breed and its ancestors are often called working cats because of their rodent-control roles on farms and ships.

The physical appearance of the American Shorthair is very consistent.

They are medium- to large-sized cats. Their heads are large and oblong, meaning they are longer than they are wide.

The ears are medium-sized and have slightly rounded tips. Their eyes are notably large and wide. The neck and legs are both medium in length and very muscular. This musculature contributes to their strong, sturdy build. Even their tails are described as being of medium length.

One of the most striking features is the variety of coat colors. The breed is recognized in more than eighty different colors and patterns.

GC Yatfung's Brown Cobra
GC Yatfung's Brown Cobra

You might see a brown-patched tabby or a white cat with blue eyes. There are also silvers, such as shaded, smoke, or cameo patterns. Some cats are Van-patterned calicos. Other cats show deep tones of black or brown. However, there are rules for cat shows. Cats showing colors from crossbreeding are often disqualified. These include chocolate, sable, or lilac colors. The point-restricted pattern of the Siamese family is also a disqualifying trait.

Health is an important part of studying this breed. Scientists have looked closely at specific medical conditions. A study in Japan examined cats suspected of having kidney issues. Researchers found that 47% of the tested American Shorthair cats had the PKD1 mutation. This mutation is responsible for feline polycystic kidney disease (PKD). This is a condition where cysts form in the kidneys. On a more positive note, the breed shows strength in other areas. A review of over 5,000 cases of urate urolithiasis occurred in the United States. Urolithiasis refers to the formation of stones in the urinary tract. This review found that American Shorthairs had significantly lower odds of developing these stones than mixed-breed cats.

The American Shorthair connects to many different ideas in history and biology. They represent the way animals adapt to new lands and climates. Their journey from European ships to North American farms is a clear example of environmental change. They also show how humans can use selective breeding to create specific types of animals. Today, they remain a major part of the cat fancy world. They are accepted by all North American cat registries. This ensures their history and traits are preserved for the future.

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File:GC Yatfung's Brown Cobra.jpg
GC Yatfung's Brown Cobra.jpg
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