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Blouse

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A blouse is a loose-fitting garment designed for the upper body. It is characterized by fabric that hangs loosely over the wearer's body. This effect is often achieved by gathering the material at the waist or hips. This can be done through a tight hem, pleats, or a belt. While the term is often used for women's dress shirts, it can also describe men's loose-fitting styles. Examples include poet shirts and Cossack shirts.

Poet-shirt
Poet-shirt

Constructing a blouse involves specific tailoring and material choices. Most blouses use light fabrics such as silk or thin cotton. Until the early 1990s, many were made from soft synthetic fibers like polyester. Tailoring allows the garment to fit the wearer's shape more closely. This is accomplished through sewing techniques like princess seams or darting in the bust and waist. Designers often add decorative elements like ruffles, embroidery, or loops.

Tank top
Tank top

Collar styles and button placement are key technical features. Common collar types include the Peter Pan, revere, open spade, and reverse collars. A unique tradition exists regarding button placement on women's blouses. Unlike men's shirts, women's blouses usually have buttons on the wearer's left-hand side. This means the buttonholes are on the right. One theory suggests this helped female servants button their mistresses' clothes. Another theory claims it helped launderers distinguish between garments.

Striped Bow Neck Blouse and a Navy Blue Mini Skirt (18966025833)
Striped Bow Neck Blouse and a Navy Blue Mini Skirt (18966025833)

The history of the blouse shows a shift from workwear to fashion. The word is a loanword from French. It originally referred to the blue blouses worn by French workmen. It was later applied to smocks worn by English farm laborers. By 1870, the term was used to describe clothing for young ladies. Some suggest the name comes from the Latin name for Pelusium, a manufacturing center. Others believe it comes from the Provençal word for short wool.

Garibaldi and his wife, Anita, defending Rome in 1849
Garibaldi and his wife, Anita, defending Rome in 1849

Fashion trends for blouses have fluctuated significantly through the decades. In the 1860s, the red Garibaldi shirt became a popular civilian fashion. During the 1890s, simple blouses became standard for the new female office workforce. The early 1900s saw the rise of the "lingerie blouse," which featured heavy lace and embroidery. In 1913, a German catalog listed blouses priced between 2.75 and 9.50 Marks. The 1920s introduced the silk jumper blouse and V-neck styles.

In the mid-20th century, sleeve lengths and collar sizes changed frequently. Collars were very large in the 1930s but diminished by the 1950s. The 1970s brought wide collars and synthetic polyester fabrics. The 1980s featured standing collars and "smoking blouses" with concealed button flies. By the 1990s, three-quarter length sleeves became a striking phenomenon. Designers often use sleeve length to create the illusion of slimmer arms.

Tanaka Sonoko and Sasada Kazuko
Tanaka Sonoko and Sasada Kazuko

Blouses also hold deep significance in cultural and traditional dress. In Bavaria and Austria, a white blouse is worn under the bodice of a dirndl. These blouses are often cropped above the midriff and feature puff sleeves. They can be styled with high necklines for modesty or deep necklines to accentuate the décolletage.

Dirndl-2011
Dirndl-2011

Similarly, the Aboyne dress used in Scottish Highland dancing includes a decorative white blouse. This is worn with a tartan skirt and a velvet bodice.

Aboyne 05SV 002
Aboyne 05SV 002

Modern blouse design connects to broader movements like the Eco movement. As part of this movement, folk blouses are often cut from natural materials. These include flax, linen, and cotton. These styles connect people to traditional craftsmanship and natural fibers. Today, blouses remain a staple of the global wardrobe. They continue to evolve through new fabrics and changing sleeve lengths.

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🖼️ Images & Media (9)
File:Striped Bow Neck Blouse and a Navy Blue Mini Skirt (18966025833).jpg
Striped Bow Neck Blouse and a Navy Blue...
File:Tank top.jpg
Tank top.jpg
File:Poet-shirt.jpg
Poet-shirt.jpg
File:Puffy Shirt 2006.jpg
Puffy Shirt 2006.jpg
File:Garibaldi and his wife, Anita, defending Rome in 1849.jpg
Garibaldi and his wife, Anita, defending...
File:StateLibQld 1 42023 Two women dressed for a game of tennis, 1890-1900.jpg
StateLibQld 1 42023 Two women dressed for...
File:Tanaka Sonoko and Sasada Kazuko.JPG
Tanaka Sonoko and Sasada Kazuko.JPG
File:Dirndl-2011.JPG
Dirndl-2011.JPG
File:Aboyne 05SV 002.jpg
Aboyne 05SV 002.jpg
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