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Bible

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The Bible is a massive collection of religious texts. It is an anthology, meaning it is a compilation of many different writings. These texts include diverse genres like instructions, stories, poetry, and prophecies. For many people, the Bible is central to their faith. It is the foundation for Christianity and Judaism. It is also highly esteemed in other Abrahamic religions, such as Islam.

Global thinking
Global thinking

Most believers view these writings as a product of divine inspiration. This means they believe a divine force guided the creation of the texts. However, different communities interpret the meaning of that inspiration in various ways.

The development of these texts was a complex, multi-stage process. The Bible was not written by a single person at one time. Instead, many unknown authors from different cultures wrote it over many centuries. Some texts reflect nomadic lives, while others come from established monarchies. Some were written during times of exile or under foreign oppression. The writers lived through the rise and fall of many empires. They saw the Assyrian and Persian empires come and go. They lived through the rise of Rome and the campaigns of Alexander the Great.

Great Isaiah Scroll
Great Isaiah Scroll

The Hebrew Bible, often called the Tanakh, is organized into three distinct parts. The first part is the Torah, or the Pentateuch, which means "five books." It contains the foundational teachings or laws. The second part is the Nevi'im, which consists of narrative histories and prophecies. The third part is the Ketuvim, a collection of writings including psalms and proverbs.

Star of David
Star of David

These three sections together form the Hebrew Bible. Modern Rabbinic Judaism considers the Masoretic Text to be the authoritative version of this collection. This text was carefully preserved by scholars known as Masoretes. They added vowel signs and accentuation to help people read the Hebrew correctly.

There are several important historical versions of the Hebrew scriptures. One is the Septuagint, which is a Koine Greek translation. It was likely begun in Alexandria during the third century BCE. It was created to help Greek-speaking Jews in the diaspora read their sacred texts.

Bible from 1300 (20)
Bible from 1300 (20)

Another version is the Samaritan Pentateuch. This version is maintained by the Samaritan community. It only includes the first five books of the Bible. The Samaritans do not recognize the other books in the Tanakh as inspired. These different versions show how the text has been handled by different groups over time.

Christianity grew out of Second Temple Judaism. Early Christians used the Septuagint as the basis for what they called the Old Testament. They also developed a New Testament. This collection includes the gospels, which are narratives about the life and teachings of Jesus. It also includes the Pauline epistles, which are letters written by Paul.

P christianity
P christianity

The New Testament was mostly formed by the 4th century CE. The very oldest parts of the entire Bible may date back as far as 1200 BCE. This long timeline shows how the collection grew and changed through different eras.

In ancient times, these texts were written on papyrus scrolls. Eventually, a new format called the codex became popular. A codex is the forerunner of the modern book. It was made by folding sheets of papyrus in half to create pages. This made the texts much easier to carry and use than long scrolls.

Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01
Gutenberg Bible, Lenox Copy, New York Public Library, 2009. Pic 01

Later, the invention of the printing press changed everything. The first complete printed version of the Hebrew Bible appeared in 1488. This allowed the texts to be shared much more widely than hand-copied manuscripts.

The Bible has had a massive impact on human history and culture. It is the best-selling publication in all of history. Experts estimate that over five billion copies have been sold.

Lincoln inaugural bible
Lincoln inaugural bible

It has influenced Western culture and many other cultures globally. Today, the Bible is translated into about half of the world's languages. Scholars study it through biblical criticism to understand its history. Some people use it as a source for ethical teachings. Others use it as a historical resource to learn about ancient peoples and events. Even when people disagree on its accuracy, its role in the world is undeniable.

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🖼️ Images & Media (44)
File:Star of David.svg
Star of David.svg
File:Christian cross.svg
Christian cross.svg
File:P christianity.svg
P christianity.svg
File:Global thinking.svg
Global thinking.svg
File:Great Isaiah Scroll.jpg
Great Isaiah Scroll.jpg
File:Bible from 1300 (20).jpg
Bible from 1300 (20).jpg
File:Leonardo da Vinci - Annunciazione (dettaglio).jpg
Leonardo da Vinci - Annunciazione (dettaglio).jpg
File:Bizzell Bible Collection.jpg
Bizzell Bible Collection.jpg
File:Faculté de Médecine Purpan 01.jpg
Faculté de Médecine Purpan 01.jpg
File:A religious Baroque Bible - 7558.jpg
A religious Baroque Bible - 7558.jpg
File:Bible and Key Divination.jpg
Bible and Key Divination.jpg
File:Samaritan Inscription containing portion of the Bible in nine lines of Hebrew text, currently housed in the British Museum.jpg
Samaritan Inscription containing portion...

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