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Benin City

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Benin City is a major metropolitan center located in southern Nigeria. It serves as the capital of Edo State. According to the 2006 national census, it is the fourth-most populous city in the country. It follows Lagos, Kano, and Ibadan in size. The city sits near the Benin River to the north. An arterial road network connects the eastern perimeter to Lagos.

La città di Benin, capitale del regno dello stesso nome sulla costa della Guinea, nell'Africa, 1765 – BEIC IE8942955
La città di Benin, capitale del regno dello stesso nome sulla costa della Guinea, nell'Africa, 1765 – BEIC IE8942955

The geography of the region supports a very productive agricultural economy. The landscape is exceptionally fertile. This makes the city the epicenter of Nigeria's rubber industry. Palm oil production is another substantial sector for the area. Local inhabitants engage in subsistence farming to support themselves. They primarily cultivate crops like yams, plantains, and cassava. This agricultural strength makes the city a vital economic hub.

The history of the city is tied to the Edo Kingdom. This pre-colonial polity flourished from the 13th to the 19th centuries. Tradition says the original inhabitants were ruled by the Ogiso dynasty. They called the land Igodomigodo. A succession crisis eventually led to the rise of the Oba dynasty. Prince Oranmiyan of Ife is considered the father of Eweka I. Eweka I was the first Oba of Benin. Around 1470, a leader named Ẹwuare changed the state's name to Ẹdo.

European contact began in approximately 1485 when Portuguese explorers arrived. The kingdom grew economically through the transatlantic trade network. They exchanged goods like ivory, pepper, and slaves with European nations. In the early 16th century, Ozolua traveled to Lisbon. This diplomatic exchange introduced European technology and ideas to the kingdom. Some local languages even adopted Portuguese loan words. By the late 19th century, some residents still spoke a pidgin Portuguese dialect.

In 1897, the city underwent a major and violent change. A British military campaign known as a punitive expedition arrived. This force was led by Admiral Sir Harry Rawson. The expedition captured, sacked, and burnt the city. This followed an ambush that killed a British delegation. During this event, the British looted thousands of metal sculptures. These are known as the Benin Bronzes. They once decorated the walls of the royal palace.

Suleiman Braimoh
Suleiman Braimoh

The Benin Bronzes are now a significant global topic. These intricate brass plaques and sculptures were auctioned to cover expedition costs. Today, they are scattered throughout many Western museums. Many people are calling for their repatriation to Nigeria. One famous piece is the Queen Idia mask. This mask was used as a mascot for FESTAC '77 in Nigeria. The British colonization also led to the region becoming part of Colonial Nigeria. After Nigeria gained independence in 1960, the city's administrative role continued to evolve. It served as the capital of the Mid-Western Region before becoming the capital of Edo State in 1991.

The Edo people live in the city and speak the Bini language. They possess one of the richest dress cultures on the African continent. Their adornments are very elaborate. They use beads to symbolize royalty. Other decorations include body marks, bangles, and anklets. They also use intricate raffia work.

Modupe Ozolua 02
Modupe Ozolua 02

The climate in Benin City is a tropical monsoon climate. This means temperatures and humidity remain high all year. Relative humidity often exceeds 60 percent. The weather is particularly dull and overcast from July to September. This period sees increased rainfall. The city also faces environmental challenges like regular flooding. Studies have noted this problem since at least 1993. Scientists have also observed increases in temperature and precipitation due to climate change. The city is also warmer than the surrounding rural areas. This is known as urban heating.

Suleiman Braimoh
Suleiman Braimoh
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🖼️ Images & Media (4)
File:La città di Benin, capitale del regno dello stesso nome sulla costa della Guinea, nell'Africa, 1765 – BEIC IE8942955.jpg
La città di Benin, capitale del regno...
File:Drawing of Benin City made by an English officer 1897.jpg
Drawing of Benin City made by an English...
File:Suleiman Braimoh.jpg
Suleiman Braimoh.jpg
File:Modupe Ozolua 02.jpg
Modupe Ozolua 02.jpg
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