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Ball gown

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A ball gown is a specific type of evening gown. It is worn for formal events such as balls. Most versions of these gowns feature a low décolletage, which is a low-cut neckline. They often have exposed arms and long, bouffant styled skirts. These skirts are large and puffy. To complete the formal look, wearers often use opera-length white gloves. They might also wear vintage jewelry or couture, which refers to high-end fashion. A stole, which is a formal shawl made of expensive fabric, is a common accessory. Other options include a cape or a cloak.

Ball gown MET DP348337
Ball gown MET DP348337

Creating these garments requires many different materials and techniques. The most common fabrics used are satin, silk, taffeta, and velvet. Designers add beautiful trimmings to these base fabrics. These trimmings include lace, pearls, sequins, and embroidery. They might also use ruffles, ribbons, rosettes, or ruching. Ruching is a technique where fabric is gathered to create texture. In the past, a corset or a bodice with a stay helped the wearer. These items kept the waist tight and ensured perfect posture. This helped the wearer stay upright during long events.

Fashion styles for ball gowns have shifted through many distinct stages. In the 1850s, gowns featured full skirts supported by a petticoat. During the Romantic period, which coincided with the Victorian era, the crinoline was introduced. This was a structure used to support large skirts. By 1860 to 1864, skirts developed a bell shape with extra fullness at the back. Between 1865 and 1867, skirts became flatter in the front. Instead, the sides and back gained fullness through pleating. Often, a long train was attached to the back of the skirt.

From 1868 to 1878, the fullness in the back increased even more. This was achieved through the use of the bustle. A bustle is a framework used to lift the back of a skirt. By 1878, the bustle went out of style because it was no longer needed. Instead, the material was gathered to fall down the back into a long train. Between 1890 and 1900, the hourglass shape became very popular. This shape featured a narrow waist and a cone-shaped skirt. The skirt was narrow at the top and gained fullness near the bottom.

History shows how technology changed the way these dresses were made. The introduction of the sewing machine changed the entire dress market. Middle-class people could now produce their own dresses with more efficiency. They could also achieve higher quality than when dresses were made by hand. Upper-class members still used designers, but the turnaround time decreased. Additionally, the introduction of chemical dyes changed everything. This innovation dramatically expanded the range of colors available for dresses. In 1947, Christian Dior introduced his "New Look." This style featured nipped-in waistlines and full skirts.

Ball gowns also play a major role in cultural celebrations. The "debutante ball" or "cotillion" emerged in the mid-19th century. These "coming out balls" were meant to introduce women of marriageable age. In the United States, styles vary by region. In New Orleans, debutantes might wear jeweled crowns and Medici collars. In Laredo, Texas, middle-class debutantes wear beaded suede garments. In San Antonio, dresses are covered in various bead designs. These beads add significant weight to the clothing. Some of these dresses can weigh about 75 lbs. In Latin American cultures, girls wear bright gowns for a quinceañera. This celebrates a girl turning 15 with ruffled or ruched skirts.

Finally, ball gowns hold a place in national history and museums. In 1912, the "First Ladies Collection" was started at the Smithsonian Institution. Founders included Helen Taft, Cassie Mason Myers, Julian-James, and Rose Gouverneur Hoes. It is customary for the First Lady of the United States to donate her inauguration ball dress. Usually, the dress is added to the collection after the president leaves office. However, a public uproar changed this rule in 1955. People wanted to see Mamie Eisenhower's inaugural dress immediately. The Smithsonian changed its policy to accommodate this demand. Now, these gowns serve as important historical records.

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File:Ball gown MET DP348337.jpg
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