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Baguazhang

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Baguazhang is a sophisticated Chinese martial art. Its name translates to "eight trigram palm." This title refers to the bagua, which are trigrams found in the Yijing. The Yijing is a central canon of Daoism. Baguazhang is classified as an internal practice, or neijia. It belongs to the Wudang school of martial arts. Other major arts in this school include tai chi and xingyiquan. This practice focuses on internal power and fluid movement.

The most distinctive training method is circle walking. Practitioners often call this "turning the circle." Students walk along the edge of a circular path. For beginners, this circle is six to twelve feet in diameter. They maintain low stances while facing the center. They periodically change direction while executing specific forms. This constant movement builds centripetal force. This force allows a practitioner to maneuver quickly around an opponent.

Training follows a specific progression of skills. Students first focus on flexibility and body alignment. These basic exercises create a foundation for more difficult work. Next, they study complex forms and internal power mechanics. Movements involve smooth coiling and uncoiling actions of the whole body. Practitioners draw energy from the dantian, which is the center of the abdomen. This energy powers rapid-fire movements and dynamic footwork. The art combines strikes, kicks, joint locks, and throws.

History connects Baguazhang to the early 19th century in China. Dong Haichuan is credited with formalizing the art. He is said to have learned from masters in rural mountains. Some accounts suggest these masters were Buddhist. However, many authorities believe the teachers were purely Taoist. This belief is based on the art's use of yin and yang theory. It also relies heavily on the bagua diagram. Dong Haichuan eventually became a bodyguard for the Imperial court. He taught many famous disciples in Beijing.

These disciples created many distinct styles of Baguazhang. Each style emphasizes different palm techniques or combat methods. The Yin style is known for "threading" the palms. The Cheng and Liu styles specialize in "pushing" the palms. The Ma style uses "hammer" palms. The Song style utilizes the "Plum Flower" or Mei Hua technique. Some styles, like Cheng, focus on close-in wrestling and joint locks. Others, like Yin, focus on quick, long-range striking. Modern practitioners often study the Yin, Cheng, or Liang styles.

Baguazhang practitioners utilize a wide variety of weapons. Some weapons are designed for concealment, such as the "judge's pen." They also use a pair of knives. Unique to this style are the wind and fire wheels. These are associated with the deity Nezha. Practitioners also use crescent-shaped deer horn knives. Large weapons are common, including the bagua sword and bagua broadsword. Other tools include the staff (gun), spear (qiang), cane (guai), and hook sword (gou). The art teaches that a practitioner can use almost anything as a weapon.

The philosophy of Baguazhang emphasizes circular movement. This allows a person to flow and evade opponents. It helps practitioners harmonize with or dodge objects. This evasive nature helps people deal with multiple attackers. It also teaches ways to find solutions to complicated scenarios. In combat, practitioners often move behind an attacker. This prevents the opponent from causing harm. The art is considered a mix of striking and grappling techniques.

Today, Baguazhang influences many forms of modern media. It served as the main basis for airbending in Avatar: The Last Airbender. This influence extends to the film and The Legend of Korra. The Marvel film Shang Chi and the Legend of the Ten Rings features the art. It also appears in movies like The Grandmaster and The One. Even video games like Tekken and Mortal Kombat use its principles. The style remains a vital part of global martial arts culture.

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