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Aztec religion

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The Aztec religion was a complex way of seeing the world. It involved many different gods and ideas about life.

Quetzalcóatl 5
Quetzalcóatl 5

Some people believed in many gods, which is called polytheism. Others believed that all these gods came from one single, sacred power. They called this power teotl. This power was seen as a living energy that made everything in the world move. The highest god was often called Ometeotl. This idea was held mostly by the educated upper classes. Most regular people focused on the many individual gods and their stories.

ThirteenWorldsDiagram
ThirteenWorldsDiagram

To understand the Aztec world, you have to look at its layers. They believed the universe was divided into many parts. There were thirteen different heavens above the Earth. Below the Earth, there were nine layers of a netherworld.

Codex Borgia page 56
Codex Borgia page 56

The first heaven actually touched the surface of the Earth. Each of these levels was linked to specific gods and stars. Important objects in the sky included the Sun and the Moon. They also watched the planet Venus very closely. They saw it as both a morning star and an evening star.

Many different gods ruled over specific parts of life.

Tezcatlipoca 3
Tezcatlipoca 3

Some gods were tied to nature, like Tlaloc, the god of rain. Others were tied to trades or jobs. For example, there were gods for merchants and gods for doctors. There were even gods for fun, games, and drinking. The Aztecs were very good at adding new gods to their group. When they conquered new lands, they often included the local gods in their own religion. This helped them connect with the people they ruled. Some gods, like Quetzalcoatl, actually came from even older civilizations.

Religion was a huge part of daily life for everyone. Priests were very important leaders who were called "god guards."

Human sacrifice (Codex Laud, f.8)
Human sacrifice (Codex Laud, f.8)

These priests had to live very strict and careful lives. They spent a lot of time fasting and praying. They also held many large festivals with dance and storytelling. One very special event was the New Fire ceremony. This happened only once every 52 years. During this time, everyone would put out their fires. Then, they would receive a brand new fire to start fresh.

COM V2 D273 Prisoners for sacrifice were decorated
COM V2 D273 Prisoners for sacrifice were decorated

These traditions changed after the Spanish arrived. The Aztec people were eventually required to follow Catholicism. Over time, the two religions began to mix together. This mixing is called syncretism. You can still see this today in certain traditions. One example is the Day of the Dead. Another example is the story of the Virgin of Guadalupe. These traditions show how the old Aztec beliefs and the new ones joined to create something new. It is a way the past still lives in the present.

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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Codex_Borgia_page_56.jpg
Codex_Borgia_page_56.jpg
File:Quetzalcóatl 5.jpg
Quetzalcóatl 5.jpg
File:Tezcatlipoca 3.jpg
Tezcatlipoca 3.jpg
File:Xiuhtecuhtli 1.jpg
Xiuhtecuhtli 1.jpg
File:ThirteenWorldsDiagram.jpg
ThirteenWorldsDiagram.jpg
File:Codex Magliabechiano (141 cropped).jpg
Codex Magliabechiano (141 cropped).jpg
File:Human sacrifice (Codex Laud, f.8).png
Human sacrifice (Codex Laud, f.8).png
File:COM_V2_D273_Prisoners_for_sacrifice_were_decorated.png
COM_V2_D273_Prisoners_for_sacrifice_were_d...
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