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Agriculture

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Agriculture is the way people use natural resources to grow things that maintain life.

Centres of origin and spread of agriculture
Centres of origin and spread of agriculture

This work includes planting crops and raising animals, which is called animal husbandry. It also covers forestry and aquaculture, which is farming in water. People use agriculture to produce food, fibers for clothes, and fuel. It even provides raw materials like timber and rubber. This practice is very important because it helps people live in cities. By creating extra food, it allows many people to live together in one place.

There are many different ways to farm. Some people practice pastoralism, which means managing herds of animals. In nomadic pastoralism, these herds move to find new grass and water. Other people use shifting cultivation by clearing small areas of forest. They burn the trees to prepare the land for planting. After a few years, they move to a new patch of land.

Foodlogo2
Foodlogo2

This happens when the soil becomes too tired to grow things well. These different methods help people live in many different environments.

Farming began a very long time ago in many places.

Centres of origin and spread of agriculture
Centres of origin and spread of agriculture

Humans started gathering wild grains at least 105,000 years ago. However, true farmers began planting them about 11,500 years ago. People domesticated sheep and goats around 10,000 years ago. In the Andes, people grew potatoes between 10,000 and 7,000 years ago. In China, rice was domesticated between 11,500 and 6,200 BC. These early steps changed how all humans lived on Earth.

Today, farms come in many different sizes.

Agriculture share gdp, World, 2024 (cropped)
Agriculture share gdp, World, 2024 (cropped)

Most farms are very small, often one hectare or less. These small farms produce about one-third of the world's food. Even though they are small, five out of six farms are this size. Large farms are different because they use much more land. Only 1% of farms are larger than 50 hectares. Yet, these big farms cover more than 70% of all farmland.

Employment in agriculture, forestry and fishing (2023)
Employment in agriculture, forestry and fishing (2023)

Nearly 40% of farmland is on farms larger than 1,000 hectares.

Modern tools have changed how we grow food. Scientists use plant breeding and new technology to increase crop yields. This helps us produce about 11 billion tonnes of food each year.

Agricultural output of China
Agricultural output of China

However, these new ways can also cause problems for nature. Farming can lead to things like deforestation or changes in the climate. It can also use up water from deep underground. Some people also worry about how it affects animal welfare. We must find ways to grow food while also protecting our planet.

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