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Advance Australia Fair

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"Advance Australia Fair" is the national anthem of Australia. It serves as a musical symbol of the country's identity and national aspirations.

Advance Australia Fair
Advance Australia Fair

The song is played at official functions, sporting events, and community celebrations. It helps identify the nation to the rest of the world. It also reflects the character and traditions of Australian life. Today, the anthem is a central part of the country's public ceremonies.

The song began with a moment of personal inspiration. In 1878, a Scottish-born composer named Peter Dodds McCormick attended a concert in Sydney. He felt frustrated because no Australian national anthem was played during the event. While traveling home on a bus, he composed the first verse.

Advance Australia Fair (1878)
Advance Australia Fair (1878)

He then set these words to music at home. He initially wrote the piece using Tonic Sol-fa notation. This is a system of musical notation using syllables. He later transcribed it into standard musical notation. The Australian Government awarded McCormick £100 for his composition in 1907.

The anthem has gone through several distinct stages of development. Originally, the song consisted of four verses. During the 1984 adoption, the song was reduced to just two verses. The first verse was modified to be gender-neutral. It changed "Australia's sons let us rejoice" to "Australians all let us rejoice." The second verse used in the anthem was a modified version of a verse first sung in 1901.

This verse was used during the inauguration of the Commonwealth of Australia.

In January 2021, the lyrics underwent another official change. The word "young" in the second line was replaced with the word "one." This modification was made to recognize the long habitation of Indigenous Australians. This change ensures the lyrics reflect the pre-colonial presence of Indigenous people. Such updates show how the anthem evolves to match the nation's changing social understanding. These small word changes carry significant cultural meaning.

The history of the anthem involves many political shifts. For a long time, Australia used "God Save the Queen" as its anthem. In 1972, the Whitlam government sought a new, distinctively Australian anthem. A Gallup poll showed that 72% of Australians supported a new anthem in 1972. This was a large increase from 38% in 1968. The government held a competition for new music and lyrics. They received 2,500 lyric entries and 1,300 music entries. However, the shortlisted lyrics were widely criticized by artists and the media.

Because the new entries were unpopular, the government held an indicative plebiscite. This vote included "Advance Australia Fair," "Waltzing Matilda," and "The Song of Australia."

Advance Australia Fair
Advance Australia Fair

In 1977, a formal plebiscite was held as part of a referendum. "Advance Australia Fair" won with 43.29% of the vote. It defeated "Waltzing Matilda," which received 28.28%. "God Save the Queen" received 18.78%, and "The Song of Australia" received 9.65%. In 1984, the Hawke government officially proclaimed it the national anthem.

"God Save the Queen" remains important as the royal anthem. It is played at public engagements attended by the King or members of the royal family. This distinction separates the national anthem from the songs used for royal ceremonies. This dual system allows for both Australian identity and royal tradition. The transition of the royal anthem to "God Save the King" occurred upon the accession of King Charles III.

Today, the most common version of the song is an orchestral arrangement. This arrangement was created in 1986 by Thomas Tycho, a composer from Hungary.

Advance Australia Fair
Advance Australia Fair

His version is frequently played during international sporting medal ceremonies. It is also used at the opening of major domestic cultural events. While the copyright for the original lyrics has expired, the Commonwealth of Australia holds the copyright on the official lyrics. They also hold the copyright on specific musical arrangements. This ensures the anthem is used appropriately in official settings.

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U.S. Navy Band, Advance Australia Fair...
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