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Acteon Group

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The Acteon Group is a remote collection of coral islands. It is a subgroup of the Tuamotu atoll group. This group sits in the far southeast of French Polynesia. You can find it at latitude 21° 17' 60 S and longitude 136° 29' W. The area is located east-southeast of Tahiti. Most of these islands are very isolated and uninhabited. This makes the group a unique part of the Pacific Ocean.

The group consists of four specific atolls. An atoll is a ring-shaped coral reef. These four atolls are Matureivavao, Tenararo, Tenarunga, and Vahanga. They are described as being relatively small in size. Most of these atolls have no permanent residents living on them. Tenarunga is the only atoll in the group with permanent inhabitants. Administratively, these islands belong to the commune of Gambier.

European explorers first encountered these islands centuries ago. Pedro Fernández de Quirós was the first recorded European to sight them. He arrived on 5 February 1605 during a Spanish expedition. He described the group as four atolls crowned by coconut palms. Other members of his expedition used different names in their texts. They called the islands "Las Cuatro Coronadas" or "The Four Crowned." They also used names like "Las Cuatro Hermanas" or "The Four Sisters." Other names included "Las Virgenes" and "Las Anegadas."

After that first sighting, the islands were lost to European records for a long time. Hugh Cuming sighted the islands on 14 March 1828. He was aboard the ship Discoverer, commanded by Captain Samuel Grimwood. However, Thomas Ebrill is generally credited with the rediscovery of the group. He was the captain of the Tahitian trading vessel Amphitrite in 1833. Four years after his voyage, Lord Edward Russell named the group. He named it after his own vessel, the Acteon.

Legal ownership of the islands has a complex history. In 1932, the High Court of Tahiti recognized government ownership. This ruling included the Acteon Group and three nearby atolls. These nearby atolls are Maria Est, Tematangi, and Vanavana. In 1953, the government created two civil real estate companies. Their goal was to develop the atolls for former inhabitants. These companies were granted exclusive use of the land for ten years. This period of exclusive use was later extended by the government.

Ownership changed again during the late twentieth century. The atolls were permanently transferred in 1975 and 1979. However, the companies were later dissolved. This dissolution left the ownership of the atolls uncertain. Natural events also impacted the region in recent history. In January 1983, the atolls were struck by Severe Tropical Cyclone Nano. This was a powerful storm that hit the islands.

Recent years have seen significant legal disputes over the land. In March 2021, the Catholic Mission of Tahiti (CAMICA) claimed ownership. They claimed the seven atolls by right of occupation. This claim led to protests from the descendants of the original owners. The acquisition was later challenged in a court of law. In January 2023, two people were taken into custody. This included Father Joel Aumeran, the former vicar of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Papeete. Prosecutors accused them of fraud regarding the case. As of January 2024, the legal case remains unresolved.

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