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Earth Science articles — Page 2

Explore rocks, volcanoes, weather, oceans and the processes that shape Earth. Choose an article below; its reading controls let you move between the available levels.

1,427 public articles · Page 2 of 30

Abyssal plain

The deep ocean floor is very flat. It is a huge place. It stays dark and cold there. It is under much water. Many small things live there. We have not seen it all yet. Do you want to explore the deep?

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Aeolian processes

The wind can move things. It blows sand and dirt. It can make big hills. It can even shape rocks. The wind helps change our world. Do you feel the wind blow?

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Air mass

Big clouds of air move around. Some air is hot. Some air is cold. Some air is dry. Some air is wet. This air changes our weather. It can bring snow or sun. How is the air today?

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Air pollution

Dirty things can get into our air. This can happen outside. It can also happen inside our homes. Bad air can make people sick. We must work to keep it clean. Can you help us care for our air?

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Alexander von Humboldt

Alexander was a great explorer. He loved to travel. He went to many far places. He looked at plants and rocks. He helped us learn about our world. Do you like to explore too?

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Alfred Wegener

Alfred Wegener was a smart man. He studied the weather. He also studied the land. He thought the lands move slowly. This helps us know our world. Do you like to study nature?

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Alluvial fan

Rocks and sand move down mountains. They flow out from narrow paths. Then they spread out wide. This makes a shape like a fan. It can even happen on Mars! Have you seen a shape like this?

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Amber

Amber is a pretty stone. It comes from sticky tree juice. This juice turns hard over a long time. People use it to make jewelry. It can be orange or brown. Do you like shiny things?

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Antarctic ice sheet

A giant ice sheet covers Antarctica. It is very thick and cold. Most of the land is under ice. This ice holds much of our fresh water. It helps our world stay the way it is. Do you like the snow?

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Arabian Sea

The Arabian Sea is a big sea. It is by many lands. Some land is near India. Some land is near Oman. Boats sail on the blue water. It is a very deep sea. Do you like the ocean?

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Aral Sea

A big sea is drying up. It used to have many islands. Now it is a dry desert. This is sad for the fish. People want to help the water come back. Can we save the sea?

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Asbestos

Some rocks have tiny threads. These threads do not burn. People used them for many years. They made things like cloth. But these threads can hurt us. They can make our lungs sick. We must be very careful. Do you see…

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Atmosphere

A planet has a layer of air. This air stays close to the ground. It is held there by a pull from the planet. This air helps us live. We need it to breathe. Do you like the air?

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Atmospheric circulation

The air moves around our world. It moves in big loops. The sun makes the air move. This helps keep the Earth warm. It is like a big machine. Do you feel the wind?

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Atmospheric pressure

The air has weight. It pushes on us. This push is air pressure. It is strong at the beach. It is weak on a tall mountain. Can you feel the air?

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Atmospheric science

People study the air around us. They look at the sky and clouds. This helps us know the weather. It also helps us stay safe. We can learn how the air works. Do you like to look at clouds?

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Autumn

Autumn is a time of change. The air gets cold. The days get short. Leaves change color on the trees. They fall to the ground. It is a pretty season. Do you like the cool air?

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Avalanche

Snow can slide down a hill. It moves very fast. It can carry rocks and trees. This can be a danger. We must stay safe. Do you like the snow?

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Basalt

Basalt is a dark rock. It comes from hot lava. The lava cools very fast. This makes the rock hard. It is found on Earth and the Moon. Do you like dark rocks?

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Bay

A bay is a part of the sea. It sits inside the land. The land helps block the wind. This makes the water calm. People use bays to catch fish. It is a nice place to visit. Have you seen a bay?

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Beach

A beach is by the water. It has sand and small rocks. Some beaches have shells too. We like to play there. It is a fun place! Do you like the sand?

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Body of water

Water can be in many places. It can be in a big ocean. It can be in a small pond. Some water moves in a river. Some water stays still in a lake. We need water to live. Do you like to swim in water?

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Bog

A bog is a wet place. It has soft, spongy ground. This ground is made of old plants. Many plants and bugs live here. It is a special home for nature. Can you imagine walking on it?

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Breccia

Some rocks are made of broken bits. These bits are sharp and pointy. Small grains hold the bits together. It looks like rubble. People use it to make statues. Do you like looking at rocks?

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Canyon

A canyon is a deep crack in the land. Rivers make them over a long time. The water cuts through the rock. This makes big walls. They can be very deep. Do you want to see one?

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Charles Lyell

Charles Lyell loved the earth. He looked at rocks and mountains. He saw how they change slowly. This helps us know our world. He was a great teacher. Do you like to look at rocks?

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Chihuahuan Desert

This is a big, hot desert. It is in the US and Mexico. Many plants and animals live here. It is a special place to see. Do you like the sun? Can you find a plant?

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Cirrus cloud

White clouds look like thin hair. They stay very high in the sky. They are made of tiny ice. These clouds can show us rain is coming. They help keep our world warm. Do you see them in the sky?

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Clay

Clay is a type of soil. It can be soft and wet. You can shape it with your hands. It gets hard if you bake it. People use it to make bricks for houses. It is everywhere! Do you like to play in the mud?

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Cliff

A cliff is a tall wall of rock. It can be near the sea. It can be in the mountains. Some cliffs are very high. They look like giant steps. Have you ever seen a big cliff?

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Climate variability and change

The Earth gets heat from the sun. This heat moves around our world. Sometimes the air gets warmer. Sometimes it gets colder. This can change how plants grow. It also affects us. Do you like warm or cold days?

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Climatology

We study how the air stays for a long time. We look at many years of weather. This helps us learn about our world. It helps us plan for the future. Do you like sunny or rainy days?

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Conglomerate (geology)

This rock has round stones in it. Small bits of sand hold them together. Water or ice helps make it. It can be found in many places. It is very cool to see! Do you like rocks?

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Congolian rainforests

This is a big, green forest. It is in Africa. Many plants and animals live there. You can find gorillas and monkeys. It is a special place for life. Can you imagine the tall trees?

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Continental shelf

The land goes under the sea. It is a wide, flat part. The water is not deep here. Many fish live in this water. It helps us find food. Do you like the sea?

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Coral Sea

The Coral Sea is a big, blue sea. It is near Australia. It has many pretty reefs. It has many fish and birds. The sea is warm and bright. It is a fun place to see. Do you like the sea?

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Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event

A big rock hit the Earth. It changed the world a long time ago. Many plants and animals died. This is how birds and mammals grew. Life changed for us. Do you like dinosaurs?

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Crust (geology)

The Earth has a hard shell. It is on the very outside. It is like the skin of an apple. We live on this shell. It stays solid and strong. Do you like to walk on the ground?

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Cryosphere

Ice is all over our world. It is in snow and big ice sheets. It is also in frozen ground. This ice helps our Earth stay cool. It is very important for us. Do you like the cold?

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Cumulonimbus cloud

Big clouds grow very tall. They look like giant towers. These clouds bring heavy rain. They can also bring loud thunder. They can even make lightning. They are very strong. Have you seen a huge cloud?

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Cumulus cloud

Some clouds look like white puffs. They look like soft cotton. They stay low in the sky. These clouds help keep the Earth cool. Do you see them in the sky?

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Cyclone

A cyclone is a big storm. It moves in a big circle. The wind spins and spins. It can bring rain to us. We can see them from space. Have you seen a big storm?

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Dead Sea

The Dead Sea is a very salty lake. It is in a place with lots of sun. The water is so salty that you float. Plants and fish do not live there. It is a very special place. Can you imagine floating in salt water?

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Deforestation

Trees are being cut down. This clears the land. People use the land for farms. This can take homes from animals. We must care for our woods. Do you like trees?

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Dew

Tiny water drops appear in the morning. They sit on grass and leaves. They come from the air. This helps plants get a drink. It is a quiet way to find water. Do you see dew in your yard?

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Diamond

A diamond is a very hard stone. It is made of carbon. It can be many colors. Some are blue or red. People use them for pretty rings. They are very strong. Do you like shiny things?

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Drainage basin

Water flows to one place. It can flow to a river. It can flow to the sea. High hills help guide the water. This helps us find where water goes. Does water flow near you?

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Drought

A drought is when it is very dry. It can stay dry for a long time. This means there is not enough water. It can be hard for plants and animals. We must help save our water. Do you like to play in the rain?

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