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Zurich

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Zurich is the largest city in Switzerland.

Zurich-lake
Zurich-lake

It serves as the capital of the canton of Zurich. The city sits in north-central Switzerland.

Zurich area topographic map-en
Zurich area topographic map-en

It is located at the northwestern tip of Lake Zurich.

Panoramic view from Waidberg of the city of Zurich and Lake Zurich, 2010
Panoramic view from Waidberg of the city of Zurich and Lake Zurich, 2010

The Limmat River flows through the city.

Zurich-lake
Zurich-lake

Zurich is a major transport hub. It contains the largest airport and the busiest railway station in the country.

Aerial view of the Zurich Airport, April 2019
Aerial view of the Zurich Airport, April 2019
Zuerich Hauptbahnhof-2
Zuerich Hauptbahnhof-2

Human presence in this area is very old. Sparse settlements existed more than 6,400 years ago.

Zurich area topographic map-en
Zurich area topographic map-en

The Romans later established the town. They called it Turicum.

Zuerichkrieg 1444
Zuerichkrieg 1444

This site served as a customs post. It collected a 2.5% value tax on goods.

Zuerich Hauptbahnhof-2
Zuerich Hauptbahnhof-2

These goods traveled along the Limmat. The Roman settlement was a vicus, or small village.

ZSG - Stadt Zürich IMG 3197
ZSG - Stadt Zürich IMG 3197

Later, the Germanic Alemanni tribe settled in the Swiss Plateau.

Zuerichkrieg 1444
Zuerichkrieg 1444

The city's name has a long history. The earliest known form is Turicum.

Zuerich Hauptbahnhof-2
Zuerich Hauptbahnhof-2

This name likely comes from a Gaulish personal name, Tūros. It would mean "place of Tūros."

Zurich-lake
Zurich-lake

In the 7th century, the name appeared as Ziurichi.

Zurich-lake
Zurich-lake

By the 9th century, it became an Old High German form.

Zurich-lake
Zurich-lake

In the 16th to 18th centuries, Neo-Latin texts called it Tigurum.

Zurich-lake
Zurich-lake

Today, the official language is German.

CHE Zürich Logo
CHE Zürich Logo

Most people speak Zurich German. This is a local Alemannic Swiss German dialect.

CHE Zürich Logo
CHE Zürich Logo

Zurich underwent many political changes. In 853, Louis the German founded the Fraumünster abbey.

Zuerich Hauptbahnhof-2
Zuerich Hauptbahnhof-2

This Benedictine convent held great power. In 1045, King Henry III gave the convent rights to mint coins.

Zuerich Hauptbahnhof-2
Zuerich Hauptbahnhof-2

The abbess acted as the city ruler. In 1218, Zurich became an Imperial free city.

Murerplan Zuerich
Murerplan Zuerich

This status gave it a level of independence. In 1336, Rudolf Brun established the guild laws.

Murerplan Zuerich
Murerplan Zuerich

This allowed him to become the first independent mayor.

Murerplan Zuerich
Murerplan Zuerich

Wealthy citizens produced beautiful art in the Middle Ages. Between 1304 and 1340, they created the Manesse Codex.

Codex Manesse Johannes Hadlaub
Codex Manesse Johannes Hadlaub

This is a famous illuminated manuscript.

Codex Manesse Johannes Hadlaub
Codex Manesse Johannes Hadlaub

It features highly skilled scribes and painters.

Codex Manesse Johannes Hadlaub
Codex Manesse Johannes Hadlaub

The work is a key source for medieval German poetry.

Codex Manesse Johannes Hadlaub
Codex Manesse Johannes Hadlaub

During this time, a Jewish community also existed.

Codex Manesse Johannes Hadlaub
Codex Manesse Johannes Hadlaub

However, they faced persecution during the Black Death in 1349.

Zuerichkrieg 1444
Zuerichkrieg 1444

A second Jewish community formed later in the 14th century.

Zuerichkrieg 1444
Zuerichkrieg 1444

They were eventually expelled in 1423.

Zuerichkrieg 1444
Zuerichkrieg 1444

Religion played a major role in the city's history. In 1519, Huldrych Zwingli led the Protestant Reformation.

Zürich Bullinger
Zürich Bullinger

He was the main preacher at the Grossmünster.

Zürich Bullinger
Zürich Bullinger

The Zurich Bible was printed in 1531.

Zürich Bullinger
Zürich Bullinger

This movement caused conflicts with Catholic cantons.

Zuerichkrieg 1444
Zuerichkrieg 1444

In the 17th century, the city built large fortifications.

Murerplan Zuerich
Murerplan Zuerich

These walls were built because of the Thirty Years' War.

Murerplan Zuerich
Murerplan Zuerich

In 1648, Zurich became a republic.

Murerplan Zuerich
Murerplan Zuerich

Zurich is a massive urban center today. The municipality had 436,551 people at the end of 2024.

Zürich population pyramid
Zürich population pyramid

The urban area held 1.45 million people in 2020.

Zürich population pyramid
Zürich population pyramid

The entire metropolitan area reached 2.1 million people.

Zürich population pyramid
Zürich population pyramid

The city is a global financial center.

Bild Zueriputsch1839
Bild Zueriputsch1839

It hosts many banks and financial institutions.

Bild Zueriputsch1839
Bild Zueriputsch1839

Visitors can explore many cultural sites.

UZZ-01
UZZ-01

These include the Swiss National Museum and the Kunsthaus.

UZZ-01
UZZ-01

The Schauspielhaus Zürich is a major German-speaking theatre.

Zürich - Opernhaus IMG 0090 ShiftN1
Zürich - Opernhaus IMG 0090 ShiftN1
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🖼️ Images & Media (32)
File:Zürich Bullinger.jpg
Zürich Bullinger.jpg
File:Codex_Manesse_Johannes_Hadlaub.jpg
Codex_Manesse_Johannes_Hadlaub.jpg
File:Zuerichkrieg 1444.jpg
Zuerichkrieg 1444.jpg
File:Murerplan Zuerich.jpg
Murerplan Zuerich.jpg
File:Bild Zueriputsch1839.jpg
Bild Zueriputsch1839.jpg
File:Zentralbibliothek Zürich - Zürich Bahnhofplatz - 000006617 1.jpg
Zentralbibliothek Zürich - Zürich...
ETH-BIB-Zürich, Stadt-LBS H1-022511.tif
File:CHE Zürich Logo.svg
CHE Zürich Logo.svg
File:Karte Stadtkreise Zürich.png
Karte Stadtkreise Zürich.png
File:"Turicum" ZSG-Schiff auf der Limmat vor dem Grossmünster (2013).jpg
"Turicum" ZSG-Schiff auf der Limmat vor...
File:Zurich-lake.JPG
Zurich-lake.JPG
File:Zurich area topographic map-en.svg
Zurich area topographic map-en.svg

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