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Zhenjiang

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Zhenjiang is a prefecture-level city in the Jiangsu Province of China.

Chinkiang
Chinkiang

It is located on the southern bank of the Yangtze River. The city sits near the intersection of the Yangtze River and the Grand Canal. It is positioned between Nanjing to the west and Changzhou to the east. Across the river to the north lies the city of Yangzhou. This location makes Zhenjiang a vital transportation hub for the region. As of the 2020 census, the city had a total population of 3,210,418 people. Of these, 1,266,790 inhabitants lived within the three urban districts. The city is also world-famous for Chinkiang vinegar, a fragrant black vinegar used in Chinese cooking.

Human activity in this region began during the early Neolithic period.

20251026 "Yi Hou Ce" Bronze Gui
20251026 "Yi Hou Ce" Bronze Gui

Excavations at the Zuohu site show a continuous cultural sequence. This sequence moves from the Majiabang culture to the Bronze Age Hushu culture. The prehistoric inhabitants lived in ground-level dwellings adapted to the Ning-Zhen Hills. These homes were different from the Majiabang sites found on the plains. This area was also one of the early centers for rice cultivation in the lower Yangtze River valley. A bronze vessel found at Dantu, the Yi Hou Ze-gui, provides evidence of ancient political activity. It records a Zhou investiture where land and people were granted to an aristocrat.

During the Spring and Autumn period, the area was part of the State of Wu. It was known in historical records as Zhufang. In 543 BC, a minister named Qing Feng fled from the State of Qi to Wu. King Yuji of Wu gave him Zhufang as a fief. However, the State of Chu captured the area in 537 BC. In the early imperial era, the counties of Dantu and Qu'e were established on coastal plains. These counties served as major transit hubs for river and overland transport. They connected the imperial center to the Lake Tai and Qiantang River regions. The Sun clan, founders of the Eastern Wu state, used Dantu as an administrative base.

Segalen-25-Qi-Wudi-Chimera-left
Segalen-25-Qi-Wudi-Chimera-left

In 209 CE, Sun Quan renamed the base "Jing," which later became known as Jingkou. Jingkou was a strategic gateway and a military outpost near the capital. To improve transport, the Eastern Wu regime built the Pogang Canal. This canal and other waterways moved through the Ning–Zhen Hills. These routes connected the capital to agricultural heartlands. After the fall of the Central Plains, many northerners moved to the Jingkou area. This influx of people helped Jingkou become a major garrison for the region. In the 4th century, the Beifu Army was organized here using these migrant communities. This force of 80,000 troops became a powerful political and military group.

Leadership in the region changed many times through the centuries. Liu Yu, a leader from the Jingkou migrant community, eventually founded the Liu Song dynasty. After his campaigns, the administration in Jingkou was renamed Southern Xu Province. By 589, Sui forces seized Jingkou and advanced on the capital, Jiankang. This caused Jiankang to be downgraded to a subordinate county under Jingkou. For much of the following period, the city was known as Runzhou. It became the main administrative center for the lower Yangtze. The construction of the Jiangnan Canal in 605 further strengthened its position.

Chinkiang
Chinkiang

From the Song to the Qing dynasties, Zhenjiang was a center for high-quality production. During the Song dynasty, the city produced fine silks, satins, and silverware.

鎏金鱼化龙纹大银盆
鎏金鱼化龙纹大银盆

The scientist Shen Kuo lived in a garden estate on the city's outskirts. He wrote his Dream Pool Essays there in the 11th century. A traveler named Odoric of Pordenone noted the city's massive amount of shipping. He observed that ships in the city were often painted white. Some of these vessels even functioned as floating taverns or businesses. Under the Qing dynasty, the city was surrounded by brick walls up to 10 meters high.

Former Consulate of UK in Zhenjiang 2011-10
Former Consulate of UK in Zhenjiang 2011-10

The 19th century brought significant changes and conflicts to the city. The British captured Zhenjiang in 1842 during the First Opium War. This event led to the signing of the Treaty of Nanking. Later, the city was sacked by Taiping rebels in 1853. In the 1870s, the city became a distribution center for opium. In the modern era, Zhenjiang served as the provincial capital for Jiangsu from 1928 to 1949. It fell to the Japanese in 1937 during World War II. Today, it remains a busy port for domestic commerce.

Zhenjiang CRH Railway station
Zhenjiang CRH Railway station

The city trades large amounts of grain, cotton, oils, and lumber. It also supports industries like paper pulp manufacturing and food processing.

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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:20251026_"Yi_Hou_Ce"_Bronze_Gui.jpg
20251026_"Yi_Hou_Ce"_Bronze_Gui.jpg
File:Segalen-25-Qi-Wudi-Chimera-left.jpg
Segalen-25-Qi-Wudi-Chimera-left.jpg
File:鎏金鱼化龙纹大银盆.jpg
鎏金鱼化龙纹大银盆.jpg
File:Chinkiang.jpg
Chinkiang.jpg
File:Former Consulate of UK in Zhenjiang 2011-10.JPG
Former Consulate of UK in Zhenjiang 2011-10.JPG
File:Jinshan temple.JPG
Jinshan temple.JPG
File:Longchangsi13.jpg
Longchangsi13.jpg
File:Zhenjiang CRH Railway station.jpg
Zhenjiang CRH Railway station.jpg
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