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Yucatán Peninsula

geography Maturity 7-9 Next article →

The Yucatán Peninsula is a large piece of land in southeast Mexico.

Chichen Itza Mexico (125162451)
Chichen Itza Mexico (125162451)

It also covers parts of Belize and Guatemala. To the north and west lies the Gulf of Mexico. To the east is the Caribbean Sea. A narrow path of water called the Yucatán Channel connects these two seas. The land sits on the Maya Block, which is part of the North American plate. Some people say the peninsula is in Central America, but it is part of North America in politics.

The land here is very flat and made of limestone.

Sediment off the Yucatan Peninsula
Sediment off the Yucatan Peninsula

This rock is porous, which means it has many tiny holes. Because of this, there are no rivers on the surface in the north. Instead, fresh water stays underground in a layer called an aquifer. People reach this water through sinkholes known as cenotes.

Yucatan Cenotes (Mexico, December 2019) - 10 (50093204117)
Yucatan Cenotes (Mexico, December 2019) - 10 (50093204117)

These cenotes are very important for the Maya people.

A huge event happened here a very long time ago.

Chicxulub impact - artist impression
Chicxulub impact - artist impression

About 66 million years ago, a giant asteroid hit the area. This asteroid was 10 to 15 kilometers wide. The impact created the deep Chicxulub crater near the coast. This event is believed to have caused many species, like dinosaurs, to go extinct. You can still see the shape of the shock waves today. They look like a semi-circle of sinkholes called the Ring of Cenotes.

Yucatan chix crater
Yucatan chix crater

The peninsula was once the heart of the Maya Civilization.

Chichen Itza 3
Chichen Itza 3

The Maya built many famous stone cities across the land. You can visit sites like Chichen Itza, Coba, Tulum, and Uxmal. In the 9th century, many of these central cities were abandoned. Later, the Spanish came to the region. It took nearly two hundred years for the Maya kingdoms to be defeated. Today, many people still speak Mayan languages in the area.

The weather is tropical and changes from north to south. The northwest is quite dry with scrublands and cacti. The south is much wetter and has green rainforests.

Chichen Itza 3
Chichen Itza 3

The area can also face big storms called hurricanes. Many people visit the peninsula for holidays and tourism.

Mérida, Yucatán from the 16th floor of Hyatt
Mérida, Yucatán from the 16th floor of Hyatt

Places like Cancún and the Riviera Maya are very popular. Some areas also find oil or grow crops like chicle.

15-07-14-Yucatan-Ölfelder-RalfR-WMA 0481
15-07-14-Yucatan-Ölfelder-RalfR-WMA 0481
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🖼️ Images & Media (8)
File:Chicxulub impact - artist impression.jpg
Chicxulub impact - artist impression.jpg
File:Chichen Itza 3.jpg
Chichen Itza 3.jpg
File:Sediment off the Yucatan Peninsula.jpg
Sediment off the Yucatan Peninsula.jpg
File:Yucatan chix crater.jpg
Yucatan chix crater.jpg
File:Yucatan Cenotes (Mexico, December 2019) - 10 (50093204117).jpg
Yucatan Cenotes (Mexico, December 2019) -...
File:Chichen Itza Mexico (125162451).jpeg
Chichen Itza Mexico (125162451).jpeg
File:15-07-14-Yucatan-Ölfelder-RalfR-WMA 0481.jpg
15-07-14-Yucatan-Ölfelder-RalfR-WMA 0481.jpg
File:Mérida, Yucatán from the 16th floor of Hyatt.JPG
Mérida, Yucatán from the 16th floor of Hyatt.JPG
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