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Yard

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A yard is a common unit used to measure length. It is used in the British imperial and US customary systems. One yard is equal to 3 feet or 36 inches.

Bronze Yard No. 11
Bronze Yard No. 11

You can also use yards to measure long distances. For example, a distance of 1,760 yards makes up one mile.

UK traffic sign 2305
UK traffic sign 2305

Since 1959, countries have agreed on a standard for the yard. It is now defined as exactly 0.9144 meters. This helps everyone use the same measurements around the world.

How a yard works depends on the official standard used. In the past, these were physical bars made of metal. One official British standard was a straight brass rod.

Imperial Standards of Length, Greenwich
Imperial Standards of Length, Greenwich

This rod had gold plugs at each end. The distance between the centers of these gold plugs was the yard. This measurement was taken when the temperature was 62 degrees Fahrenheit. Scientists had to be very careful about this temperature. If the metal got too hot or cold, the length might change.

History tells us that the origin of the yard is uncertain. The word comes from Old English words for rods or staves. Some people think it came from a person's arm length. Others believe it might have come from a king's arm.

Imperial Standards of Length, Greenwich
Imperial Standards of Length, Greenwich

There is even a folktale about a king's nose. In the year 959, laws mentioned measures kept at Winchester. Later, in the 1100s, Henry I used his arm as a standard. He wanted to fix the incorrect measurements used by traders.

Many different metal bars have served as the official yard. In 1834, a fire at Parliament destroyed the main British standard. To fix this, a new standard was built in 1845. This new bar was made of Baily's metal No. 4. This metal was a mix of copper, tin, and zinc. It was 38 inches long and 1 inch square. The United States also used a special version. Between 1855 and 1892, the official US standard was Bronze Yard No. 11.

Bronze Yard No. 11
Bronze Yard No. 11

You can see how the yard connects to many things. It was once used by cloth merchants to sell fabric. In 1439, a law was made to use the yard and inch. This helped stop people from cheating on taxes. People also used yards to measure land in the past. In India, people still use a similar measure called a guz. This is a local name for a length of 3 feet. Whether measuring cloth or land, the yard has helped people organize the world.

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🖼️ Images & Media (3)
File:Imperial Standards of Length, Greenwich.jpg
Imperial Standards of Length, Greenwich.jpg
File:Bronze Yard No. 11.jpg
Bronze Yard No. 11.jpg
File:UK traffic sign 2305.svg
UK traffic sign 2305.svg
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