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Xalapa

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Xalapa, officially known as Xalapa-Enríquez, is the capital city of the Mexican state of Veracruz.

Palacio de Gobierno de Xalapa 1
Palacio de Gobierno de Xalapa 1

It serves as the municipal seat for the surrounding area. The city sits near the geographic center of the state. It is the second-largest city in Veracruz, following the city of Veracruz to the southeast. As of the 2020 census, the city had 443,063 residents. The larger municipality reported a population of 488,531 people. The municipality covers an area of 118.45 square kilometers.

Xalapa1
Xalapa1

The name Xalapa has roots in the Classical Nahuatl language. It combines the words for "sand" and "place of water." This translates roughly to "spring in the sand." The full official name, Xalapa-Enríquez, honors a 19th-century governor named Juan de la Luz Enríquez.

Juan de la Luz Enríquez
Juan de la Luz Enríquez

The city is also famous for its nicknames. Alexander von Humboldt called it the "City of Flowers" during his visit in 1804. Local folklore also links the name to a beautiful woman named Xóchitl. Residents are known as Xalapeños or Xalapenos. This is also the name of popular large peppers grown in the region.

Long before the modern city existed, indigenous groups settled the land. During the 14th century, four distinct groups established villages. The Totonacas founded Xalitic, which means "in the sand." The Toltecas founded Tecuanapan, meaning "river of the beasts." The Teochichimecas settled in Tlalnecapan. Around 1313, these four villages merged into one large village called Xallapan.

Diatipicoxalapeño
Diatipicoxalapeño

Later, the Aztec Empire took control of the territory. In 1519, the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés passed through the area. By 1555, Spanish Franciscans had finished building a local convent.

History has brought many significant changes to Xalapa. In 1784, José María Alfaro flew the first air balloon in the Americas here.

In 1791, King Charles IV of Spain elevated Xalapa to the status of a villa.

Carlos IV de rojo
Carlos IV de rojo

The city became a major trade center in the 18th century. Merchants from New Spain came to buy and sell various products. One notable trade item was botanical medicine called ipomoea purga. This plant is the source of a drug known in English as Jalap. The city was officially named a city by decree in 1830.

Conflict also shaped the city's past. During the Mexican-American War in 1847, the Battle of Cerro Gordo took place nearby.

Nebel Mexican War 05 Battle of Cerro Gordo (cropped)
Nebel Mexican War 05 Battle of Cerro Gordo (cropped)

General Antonio López de Santa Anna led a large army of over 12,000 soldiers. The battle resulted in many casualties for Mexican troops. During the occupation, Ulysses S. Grant was present in the city. He later described the climate as the best in the world. In 1862, the city was also attacked during the French invasion. Later, in 1867, the remains of Emperor Maximilian I were held in Xalapa before being sent to Austria.

The geography of Xalapa creates a unique mountain atmosphere. The city sits at an elevation of over 1,400 meters. This high altitude results in an oceanic climate.

Naolinco Volcanic Field
Naolinco Volcanic Field

The weather is humid but relatively cool. The average annual temperature is 18 degrees Celsius. Temperatures can range from a high of 38.4 °C to a low of 0 °C. Rainfall is heavy in the summer, especially during the month of June. June sees an average of 328 millimeters of rain. In the early morning, a thick mist often covers the landscape. The nearby Cofre de Perote National Park features forested mountains and hills.

Picadas jarochas
Picadas jarochas

Today, Xalapa is a vital economic and educational hub. Because it is a state capital, many people work in government.

Estacionamiento de Costco en Xalapa
Estacionamiento de Costco en Xalapa

The region is famous for coffee production in the surrounding mountains. Large estates and small holdings both grow coffee beans. The economy also relies on tobacco and tropical fruits. Xalapa is a center of learning and is called the "Athens of Veracruz." This title comes from its many schools, such as the Normal School.

Acceso a la zona universitaria de la Universidad Veracruzana en Xalapa, Veracruz 02
Acceso a la zona universitaria de la Universidad Veracruzana en Xalapa, Veracruz 02

The city is also a regional seat for the Tribunal Electoral. This office oversees legal matters for seven different states.

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🖼️ Images & Media (18)
File:Palacio de Gobierno de Xalapa 1.JPG
Palacio de Gobierno de Xalapa 1.JPG
File:Carlos IV de rojo.jpg
Carlos IV de rojo.jpg
File:Nebel Mexican War 05 Battle of Cerro Gordo (cropped).jpg
Nebel Mexican War 05 Battle of Cerro...
File:Juan de la Luz Enríquez.jpg
Juan de la Luz Enríquez.jpg
File:Xalapa1.jpg
Xalapa1.jpg
File:Naolinco Volcanic Field.jpg
Naolinco Volcanic Field.jpg
File:Calles del centro de Xalapa, estado de Veracruz 19.jpg
Calles del centro de Xalapa, estado de...
File:Estacionamiento de Costco en Xalapa.jpg
Estacionamiento de Costco en Xalapa.jpg
File:CabezaColosal1 MuseoXalapa.jpg
CabezaColosal1 MuseoXalapa.jpg
File:Picadas jarochas.jpg
Picadas jarochas.jpg
File:Xalapa catedral.JPG
Xalapa catedral.JPG
File:Anthropology Museum Xalapa.jpg
Anthropology Museum Xalapa.jpg

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