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Wrinkle

life science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

A wrinkle is a fold, ridge, or crease in a surface that is usually smooth.

Nose %E2%80%93 Caisa
Nose %E2%80%93 Caisa

You can find these creases in skin or even in fabric. In humans, wrinkles on the face and hands are common signs of aging.

Old Bangladeshi drinking tea cropped
Old Bangladeshi drinking tea cropped

Many things can cause them to appear over time. Sun damage, smoking, and poor hydration are all factors. Habitual facial expressions and sleeping positions also play a role. Even staying in water for a long time can cause them temporarily.

Inside the skin, tiny fibers called collagen and elastin work to keep it healthy. The misrepair-accumulation theory explains how wrinkles might develop. When these fibers get injured, the body tries to fix them. Sometimes the repair is not perfect. If an elastic fiber breaks while the skin is stretched, it might be replaced by a long collagen fiber. This makes the skin look loose and stiff. If it breaks while the skin is squeezed, it may be replaced by a short fiber. These short fibers can trap the skin in a permanent fold.

Some wrinkles come from how you sleep at night. These are often called sleep lines or sleep creases. They happen from pressure and movement against a pillow. This is common for people who sleep on their sides or stomachs. The pressure can cause temporary creases that eventually become permanent. Some people use smooth pillowcases made of silk or satin to help. These fabrics have lower friction, which might reduce the drag on the skin.

Wrinkly fingers
Wrinkly fingers

You may have also noticed "pruney" fingers after a warm bath.

Wrinkly fingers
Wrinkly fingers

For a long time, people thought this happened because skin absorbs water and expands. However, a 1935 study by Lewis and Pickering changed this idea. They found that wrinkling did not happen in skin with damaged nerves. This showed that the nervous system is actually involved. Recent research says water causes blood vessels to constrict, or tighten. This reduces the fluid under the skin and creates folds. Some studies suggest this helps people grip wet objects more easily.

There are many ways people manage the appearance of wrinkles today. Doctors can use neuromodulators like Botox to stop the muscles that cause lines.

Dr Braun Performs a Botox Injection (4035273577)
Dr Braun Performs a Botox Injection (4035273577)

Other people use retinoids, which are types of vitamin A. These can help the skin build more collagen. There are also injectable fillers, often made of hyaluronic acid, to fill in depressions. Lasers can also be used to smooth the skin through a process called photorejuvenation.

Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling
Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling
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🖼️ Images & Media (5)
File:Old Bangladeshi drinking tea cropped.jpg
Old Bangladeshi drinking tea cropped.jpg
File:Nose_%E2%80%93_Caisa.jpg
Nose_%E2%80%93_Caisa.jpg
File:Wrinkly fingers.jpg
Wrinkly fingers.jpg
File:Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling.JPG
Adult sole showing water immersion wrinkling.JPG
File:Dr Braun Performs a Botox Injection (4035273577).jpg
Dr Braun Performs a Botox Injection...
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