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Working time

society Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Working time is the period when a person does paid labor. It is different from unpaid work, like cleaning a house or caring for pets. Many countries have laws to manage this time. These laws set limits on how many hours a person works each week. They also ensure people get holidays and rest. Working hours can change based on where you live or your lifestyle. For example, someone with high costs for housing might work more hours.

Weekly Working Hours (Rescaled)
Weekly Working Hours (Rescaled)

Standard working hours are the limits set by law for each day or week. If a person works more than these limits, it is called overtime. Employers often pay a higher rate for these extra hours. Most countries have a standard week between 40 and 44 hours. However, these numbers vary quite a lot around the world. In France, the week is 35 hours. In Bhutan, it can be as high as 60 hours.

Annual working time in OECD
Annual working time in OECD

History shows that work has changed many times. Long ago, hunter-gatherer groups often had more free time. One group, the !Kung Bushmen, worked about six hours a day. Other studies of groups in Brazil and the Amazon showed even less work. During the Industrial Revolution, things changed for many people. New machines and artificial lights allowed work to happen all year. People moved from farms to cities to work in factories. In some places, work days lasted twelve to sixteen hours.

8hoursday banner 1856
8hoursday banner 1856

Over the 20th century, work hours began to drop. This happened because of new laws and trade unions. In the United States, workers in the late 1800s worked over 60 hours a week. Today, the average in the U.S. is about 33 hours. In 1900, American workers worked 50% more than they do now. Some countries have very low averages today. Germany had about 25.6 hours per week in a 2011 report. The Netherlands was the first to drop below 30 hours in the mid-2000s.

US working hours 1950-2014
US working hours 1950-2014

Working too much can be very hard on the body. In 2016, one in ten workers globally worked 55 hours or more per week. This long work can lead to serious health problems like heart disease. Because of this, some people suggest even shorter work weeks. They think a 20-hour or even a 15-hour week could help. Shorter weeks might give people more time for school or exercise. It might also help the environment by reducing travel.

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🖼️ Images & Media (7)
File:Weekly Working Hours (Rescaled).jpg
Weekly Working Hours (Rescaled).jpg
File:8hoursday banner 1856.jpg
8hoursday banner 1856.jpg
File:1906 - Grève pour les 8 heures.jpg
1906 - Grève pour les 8 heures.jpg
File:US work week - GDP - GPI.jpg
US work week - GDP - GPI.jpg
File:Annual working time in OECD.svg
Annual working time in OECD.svg
File:Nomorekaroshi-shimbashiprotest-june-13-2018.jpg
Nomorekaroshi-shimbashiprotest-june-13-2018.jpg
File:US working hours 1950-2014.png
US working hours 1950-2014.png
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