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Wet wipe

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A wet wipe is a small to medium-sized moistened piece of material used for cleaning.

Erfrischungstuch
Erfrischungstuch

People use many different names for them, such as moist towelettes, disposable wipes, or disinfecting wipes. They are used for various tasks, including personal hygiene and household cleaning. It is important to note that medical or office cleaning wipes are not intended for skin hygiene. Some wipes come folded and individually wrapped for convenience. Others are found on large rolls in dispensers that allow you to tear off individual sheets.

Антистатические салфетки
Антистатические салфетки

Most wet wipes are manufactured using a specific process. Approximately 90 percent of wipes on the market are made from nonwoven fabrics. These fabrics are typically composed of polyester or polypropylene. To make the wipes functional, the material is moistened with various liquids. For example, some wipes use water, while others use isopropyl alcohol. Manufacturers may also add softeners, lotions, or perfumes to change how the wipe feels or smells. To ensure the product remains safe, preservatives like methylisothiazolinone are added. These chemicals prevent the growth of bacteria or fungi inside the packaging.

The history of the wet wipe begins with an American inventor named Arthur Julius. Julius worked within the cosmetics industry and sought to create a new cleaning aid. In 1957, he adjusted a soap portioning machine in a Manhattan loft. He trademarked the name Wet-Nap in 1958. After working with a mechanic to fine-tune the product, he debuted it at the 1960 National Restaurant Show in Chicago. By 1963, he began selling Wet-Nap products to Colonel Harland Sanders. These wipes were then distributed to customers at Kentucky Fried Chicken.

There are many specialized categories of wipes designed for specific purposes. Baby wipes are a major category, designed to cleanse the sensitive skin of infants. These may contain gentle ingredients or alcohol-based cleaners and often come in packs of 80 or more sheets. In 1990, specific brands like Huggies and Pampers entered the market. Other types include cleansing pads used in the beauty industry for removing makeup. Some medical wipes use chlorhexidine to disinfect surfaces or noninvasive medical devices. There are even industrial-strength wipes designed to cut through tough substances like grease, oil, or adhesives.

Wet wipes can also be used for specialized care in other areas of life. Pet care wipes are produced specifically for the eyes, ears, or teeth of animals like dogs and cats. These may contain ingredients such as boric acid or zinc sulfate. For humans, some pain relief pads are soaked in alcohol and benzocaine. These are used to treat minor scrapes, burns, or insect bites to ease itching. In the healthcare field, sporicidal wipes are used to prevent the spread of pathogens. These include organisms like norovirus and Clostridioides difficile.

Despite their convenience, wet wipes can cause significant issues in sewage systems. Many brands market their products as "flushable," suggesting they are safe for toilets. However, because they are made of polyester or polypropylene, they do not decompose in septic tanks. In 2013, a Consumer Reports test found that none of the leading "flushable" brands passed. When flushed, these wipes can clog internal plumbing and public sewer systems. They often cling to fat in the pipes, which helps create large obstructions known as fatbergs.

Legal and environmental concerns have grown alongside the popularity of these products. In 2014, a class action lawsuit was filed against Target Corporation and Nice-Pak Products Inc. The suit alleged that Target-brand wipes were misleadingly labeled as flushable. The plaintiffs argued these wipes were a public health hazard because they clogged municipal waste-treatment pumps. Target and Nice-Pak settled the case in 2018. In the United Kingdom, water companies have also campaigned against flushing wipes to reduce maintenance costs.

Wet wipes on a shelf
Wet wipes on a shelf

Today, the wet wipe industry remains large and diverse. Since the mid-2000s, use has increased in affluent countries like the United States and the United Kingdom. While the industry saw a boom in the 1990s due to low entry barriers, new technologies continue to emerge. For instance, a New Zealand company launched a foam wash alternative in 2018. In 2019, the industry body Water UK introduced a "Fine to Flush" logo to create standards. However, this specific standard was discontinued in 2024 because it caused confusion among consumers.

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