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West Virginia

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West Virginia is a landlocked state located in the Southern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States.

West Virginia geographic map-en
West Virginia geographic map-en

It is characterized by its mountainous terrain and rolling hills. The state is the only one located entirely within the area known as Appalachia. West Virginia is bordered by several different states. Pennsylvania and Maryland lie to the northeast. Virginia sits to the southeast. Kentucky is located to the southwest. Ohio borders the state to the northwest.

WV plateau
WV plateau

This geography defines much of the state's identity and its many outdoor recreational opportunities.

The state's physical landscape offers many activities for visitors. People travel there for skiing and whitewater rafting. Others enjoy hiking, backpacking, and mountain biking. The rugged terrain also supports rock climbing and hunting.

Seneca Rocks by Asilverstein Oct 2013 High Dynamic Range Merge from 7 Exposures
Seneca Rocks by Asilverstein Oct 2013 High Dynamic Range Merge from 7 Exposures

Because of these features, the state is a major destination for tourism. The mountains and rivers provide a wide range of environments for nature lovers.

Long before European settlers arrived, many Native American cultures inhabited the region. Analysis of a local stalagmite shows that some groups burned forests to clear land as early as 100 BCE.

West Virginia population density 2020
West Virginia population density 2020

Some tribes used the Eastern Agricultural Complex method to garden. This involved using fire to clear underbrush for crops. Other groups used more advanced companion crop field methods. These people cultivated tobacco for social and religious rituals. They also grew maize, or corn, which became a major food source after 1150 BP.

Westsylvaniamap
Westsylvaniamap

Some cultures even built large earthen mounds, which can still be seen in Moundsville and South Charleston.

The movement of different tribes shaped the history of the area. During the 1670s, the Iroquois drove other tribes out of the upper Ohio Valley during the Beaver Wars. This conflict changed the tribal makeup of the region. Groups like the Monongahela, the Tutelo, and the Moneton lived in the area at different times. The Shawnee were among the last Native tribes in the region. They were eventually driven out by the United States during the Shawnee Wars between 1811 and 1813.

European exploration began to increase in the late 17th century. In 1671, a party led by Thomas Batts and Robert Fallam surveyed the territory. They are recorded as the first Europeans to discover Kanawha Falls. For a long time, the British Crown considered this land part of the Virginia Colony. From 1776 to 1863, the United States viewed it as the western part of Virginia. This area was often called Trans-Allegheny Virginia. Residents in the west often felt ignored by the government in the east. The eastern leaders were mostly wealthy planters who controlled the state legislature.

West Virginia became a state due to the tensions of the American Civil War. The western residents felt underrepresented because of electoral malapportionment. This system counted slaves toward regional populations, which gave more power to the eastern planter elite. When eastern Virginia voted to secede from the Union, western residents formed their own government. This was called the Restored Government, led by Francis Pierpont in 1861.

October 24, 1861 county vote for West Virginia statehood
October 24, 1861 county vote for West Virginia statehood

West Virginia was admitted to the Union on June 20, 1863. It was one of only two states admitted during the war. The state also worked to end slavery. The legislature ratified the 13th Amendment on February 3, 1865.

WVSlaveBroadside
WVSlaveBroadside

Today, West Virginia has a population of 1,769,979 residents.

West Virginia population pyramid
West Virginia population pyramid

It is the 10th-smallest state by area and the 12th-least populous. The capital and largest city is Charleston, which has 49,055 people.

The West Virginia Capitol in Charleston LCCN2015631770
The West Virginia Capitol in Charleston LCCN2015631770

The state has a strong history of coal mining and logging.

Coalseam 8618
Coalseam 8618

Politically, the state has changed significantly over time. From the Great Depression until the 1990s, it voted heavily for the Democratic Party due to union traditions. Recently, it has become a heavily Republican state. While it faces challenges in health and education, its natural landmarks like the New River Gorge Bridge remain iconic.

View of New River Gorge Bridge
View of New River Gorge Bridge
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🖼️ Images & Media (27)
File:Col. Thomas Lee.jpg
Col. Thomas Lee.jpg
File:Westsylvaniamap.png
Westsylvaniamap.png
File:Map of Virginia with percentage of slave population within each county from 1860 Census, from- Proposed state of Kanawha (West Virginia) 1861 as first proposed (cropped).jpg
Map of Virginia with percentage of slave...
File:Harper's Ferry seen from Maryland side of Potomac River.jpg
Harper's Ferry seen from Maryland side of...
File:October 24, 1861 county vote for West Virginia statehood.jpg
October 24, 1861 county vote for West...
File:WVSlaveBroadside.jpg
WVSlaveBroadside.jpg
File:Aunt Susan, a slave woman tending a white baby.png
Aunt Susan, a slave woman tending a white baby.png
File:Trapper Boy.jpg
Trapper Boy.jpg
Farm Security Administration, Family of...
File:Saturday afternoon street scene. Welch, McDowell County, West Virginia. - NARA - 541004.jpg
Saturday afternoon street scene. Welch,...
File:West Virginia geographic map-en.svg
West Virginia geographic map-en.svg
File:WV plateau.jpg
WV plateau.jpg

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