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Werner von Siemens

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Ernst Werner von Siemens was a pioneering German electrical engineer and industrialist.

He is often called the founding father of electrical engineering in Germany. His work helped launch the modern age of electricity. His many inventions changed how people travel and communicate. Because of his massive contributions to science, his name is used as the SI unit for electrical conductance. This unit is simply called the siemens.

Siemens developed several technologies that changed the world. One major invention was a pointer telegraph. Instead of using Morse code, this device used a needle to point to specific letters. This made communication more direct. He also worked on the dynamo, which is a machine used to generate electricity. He received a German patent in 1877 for an electromechanical moving-coil transducer. This device was later adapted by others for use in loudspeakers.

His inventions led to many different types of machines. He built the world's first electric passenger train in 1879. In 1880, he created the first electric elevator. These machines used electricity to move people and goods. His company also started the first electric tram service in 1881. This service ran in the Berlin suburb of Groß-Lichterfelde. He even tested a vehicle called the "Elektromote," which was an early version of a trolleybus.

Werner's journey began in Lenthe, near Hannover. He was born on December 13, 1816. He was the third of fourteen children in his family. He originally planned to study at the Bauakademie in Berlin. However, his family had significant debts and could not afford the tuition. Because of this, he joined the Prussian Military Academy's School of Artillery and Engineering. He studied there from 1835 to 1838. During the First Schleswig War, he even helped invent electrically-charged sea mines.

In 1847, Siemens founded the Telegraphen-Bauanstalt von Siemens & Halske. This company became an international business very quickly. His brothers helped him expand the business into England and Russia. The company eventually reorganized several times. It became known as Siemens & Halske and Siemens-Schuckertwerke. Since 1966, the company has been known simply as Siemens. It remains one of the largest electrotechnological firms in the world today.

Siemens's influence can be seen in many specific areas. For example, his company produced the tubes used by Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen to study x-rays. His work with the moving-coil transducer was adapted for the Bell System in the late 1920s. This adaptation was issued in 1929 and helped create modern loudspeakers. Even nature honors him. In 1923, a botanist named Ignatz Urban named a Cuban flowering plant *Siemensia* in his honor.

His life left a lasting mark on both industry and society. He was an advocate for social democracy. He believed that industrial growth should not only benefit capitalism. He also argued against the idea that science leads to materialism. In 1888, he was ennobled and became Werner von Siemens. He retired from his company in 1890 and died in Berlin in 1892. His family remains connected to his legacy. As of 2013, the von Siemens family still owns 6% of the company shares.

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