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Washington Monument

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The Washington Monument is a massive stone obelisk in Washington, D.C.

Washington Monument 2024
Washington Monument 2024

It stands to honor George Washington, the first president of the United States. People view it as a symbol of national pride and patriotism. The structure is a hollow, Egyptian-style tower that tapers as it rises. At the very top sits a pyramidion, which is a small pyramid shape. This top section has eight windows and eight red lights to warn airplanes.

Washington Monument pyramidion rib structure
Washington Monument pyramidion rib structure

It is a truly grand sight on the National Mall.

Building this giant tower was a very long and difficult job. The foundation is made of strong bluestone gneiss and granite.

Washington Monument foundation
Washington Monument foundation

The walls are built from three different types of white marble. You can actually see the different marble colors on the outside. This happened because the building process was stopped many times. Inside the hollow walls, iron stairs spiral all the way up. There is also an elevator in the center to help people reach the top.

Plans to honor Washington began shortly after the Revolutionary War. In 1783, the old Congress even suggested a statue of him on a horse.

America 250 Washington Crossing the Delaware, Washington Monument 2026-01-01 20-02-36
America 250 Washington Crossing the Delaware, Washington Monument 2026-01-01 20-02-36

Later, a group called the Washington National Monument Society formed in 1833. They chose an architect named Robert Mills to design it. His original plan was much bigger and included a large circular building.

LCCN2003656330 Design of the National Washington Monument in the City of Washington cropped
LCCN2003656330 Design of the National Washington Monument in the City of Washington cropped

However, the society did not have enough money for that huge design. They decided to build a simpler, plain obelisk instead.

Construction officially started on July 4, 1848, with a big parade.

Work was paused from 1854 to 1877 for several reasons. There were not enough funds, and the American Civil War broke out. This long delay is why the marble colors change on the tower. The stone structure was finally finished in 1884. The monument was dedicated on February 21, 1885.

Washington Monument circa 1860 - Brady-Handy
Washington Monument circa 1860 - Brady-Handy

It finally opened to the public on October 9, 1888.

Today, the monument is a famous landmark for visitors everywhere. It is the third tallest monumental column in the whole world.

White House from the Washington Monument, Washington, D.C.
White House from the Washington Monument, Washington, D.C.

Only the Juche Tower and the San Jacinto Monument are taller. Between 1884 and 1889, it was actually the tallest structure on Earth. Fifty U.S. flags fly in a large circle around the base.

Each flag represents one of the fifty states. It remains a powerful way to remember a leader from long ago.

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🖼️ Images & Media (24)
File:LCCN2003656330 Design of the National Washington Monument in the City of Washington cropped.jpg
LCCN2003656330 Design of the National...
File:Washington National Monument Society 1845.jpg
Washington National Monument Society 1845.jpg
File:George_Washington_Statue_Inside_Washington_Monument.JPG
George_Washington_Statue_Inside_Washington...
File:Jefferson Pier and Washington Monument.jpg
Jefferson Pier and Washington Monument.jpg
File:Washington Monument circa 1860 - Brady-Handy.jpg
Washington Monument circa 1860 - Brady-Handy.jpg
File:Washington Monument, 6 design proposals for the completion ca. 1879.jpg
Washington Monument, 6 design proposals...
File:Washington Monument - Setting the capstone - Harper's Weekly.png
Washington Monument - Setting the...
File:View of the uncompleted Washington Monument, taken from the roof of the Main building of the Department of... - NARA - 516531.jpg
View of the uncompleted Washington...
File:Washington-Monument-1885.png
Washington-Monument-1885.png
File:White House from the Washington Monument, Washington, D.C..jpg
White House from the Washington Monument,...
File:WashingtonMonumentSenorAnderson.jpg
WashingtonMonumentSenorAnderson.jpg
File:Washington Monument 2024.jpg
Washington Monument 2024.jpg

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