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Waltharius

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The *Waltharius* is a celebrated Latin epic poem. It tells the legendary exploits of the Visigothic hero, Walter of Aquitaine. An epic is a long narrative poem that often focuses on heroic deeds. This work is unique because it blends Germanic popular tradition with the Latin literary tradition. It uses the formal style and stylistic devices of ancient Roman literature. The poem consists of 1,456 verses. These verses are written in dactylic hexameter. This is the traditional meter used in classical Latin epic poetry.

Carl Jordan, Le combat de Walter au Wasigenstein
Carl Jordan, Le combat de Walter au Wasigenstein

The plot follows a complex chain of events involving hostages and treasure. In the 5th century, the Visigothic kingdom centered on Toulouse. During an invasion by Attila, western princes offered hostages to maintain peace. King Gibicho gave Hagano as a hostage. The Burgundian king Herirīcus gave his daughter, Hiltgunt. Alphere, the ruler of Aquitaine, gave his son Waltharius. Waltharius and Hagano became brothers in arms while fighting in Attila's armies. Later, Waltharius and Hiltgunt escaped during a Hunnic feast. They fled with a great treasure, but King Guntharius pursued them to Worms.

Walther von Kerlingen und Hartunc
Walther von Kerlingen und Hartunc

The story reaches its peak through a series of intense single combats. Guntharius led twelve knights to overtake the fugitives at the Wasgenstein. This location is in the Vosges mountains, known as the *Vosagus*. Waltharius was equipped with fine armor crafted by the legendary smith Wieland. He engaged the Nibelungen knights one by one. He successfully defeated the knights until only Hagano remained. Hagano initially refused to fight due to his friendship with Waltharius. However, Guntharius persuaded him to attack after Waltharius killed some of Hagano's family. The three men eventually fought together and were all incapacitated by their wounds. Hiltgunt then tended to them by binding their wounds.

Carl Jordan, Le combat de Walter au Wasigenstein
Carl Jordan, Le combat de Walter au Wasigenstein

Scholars have reconstructed the history of the poem through monastic records. We know of the author, Ekkehard I, through the writings of a later monk, Ekkehard IV. Ekkehard IV died in 1060 and wrote in the *Casus Sancti Galli*. He claimed that Ekkehard I wrote the poem for his master, Geraldus. Based on the dates of Ekkehard I's career, the poem was likely written no later than 920. This estimation comes from the fact that he was likely no longer young when he became a deacon in 957. The poem was eventually dedicated by Geraldus to Erchanbald, the bishop of Strasbourg.

Walther von Kerlingen und Hartunc
Walther von Kerlingen und Hartunc

The poem contains many layers of literary significance and complex allusions. It makes heavy use of phrases borrowed from ancient Latin epics. Most notably, it references Vergil's *Aeneid*. Some scholars, such as Dennis M. Kratz, argue that these references serve a specific purpose. He suggests the poem uses classical allusions to satirize the heroic ethics of the characters. This adds a layer of intellectual depth to the heroic narrative. The poem may have been based on epic songs that are now lost to history. If the author was a teenager when he wrote it, he possessed remarkable precocious powers.

Carl Jordan, Le combat de Walter au Wasigenstein
Carl Jordan, Le combat de Walter au Wasigenstein

There are many surviving fragments and versions of this legend across Europe. A Polish version appears in the *Chronicon Boguphali Episcopi* from the 13th or 14th century. In this version, the character Helgunda has a glance that inspires combatants with strength. There are also two fragments of an Old English version called *Waldere*. These 15-line fragments were discovered in 1860. The story also connects to the myth of Hildr from the *Skáldskaparmál*. In that myth, Hildr could raise the dead using incantations. This is often interpreted as a symbol of the struggle between light and darkness.

Walther von Kerlingen und Hartunc
Walther von Kerlingen und Hartunc

Today, the *Waltharius* remains a vital subject for medieval studies. It connects to the broader Nibelungen tradition and Germanic bridal-quest narratives. Researchers study its manuscripts, such as the Gemblours MS and the Salzburg MS. Modern scholars continue to produce new editions and translations. These include works by Abram Ring and Leonard Neidorf. These studies help us understand how oral traditions transform into written literature. The poem serves as a bridge between the ancient classical world and the medieval Germanic era.

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File:Walther von Kerlingen und Hartunc.png
Walther von Kerlingen und Hartunc.png
File:Carl Jordan, Le combat de Walter au Wasigenstein.jpg
Carl Jordan, Le combat de Walter au...
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