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Vetulicolia

life science Maturity 11-13 Next article →

Vetulicolia is a group of extinct marine animals. They lived during the Cambrian and maybe the Ediacaran periods. Most scientists today believe these animals are stem chordates. A stem group is a group that sits near the base of a family tree. Chordates are the large group of animals that includes us.

Ou et al. 2012 f07
Ou et al. 2012 f07

These creatures are very important for understanding how early life evolved. They help us see how different animal groups began to form.

The bodies of these animals had two main parts. The front part was a large, round area called the rostrum. This front section had a mouth at the very tip. It also had five round openings on each side. Scientists think these openings were gills used for breathing or feeding.

Ou et al. 2012 f06
Ou et al. 2012 f06

The back part was a tail with seven body segments. This tail helped the animal swim through the water. Most of these animals had a narrow middle where the two parts joined.

Finding out how they lived is a big job for scientists. Vetulicolians looked a bit like tadpoles. Some had flat tails like paddles to help them move. They did not have legs, eyes, or feelers. Because their mouths could not chew, they were likely not hunters. Many researchers think they were planktivores. This means they ate tiny bits of food floating in the sea.

Ou et al. 2012 f06
Ou et al. 2012 f06

Some might have been deposit feeders that ate from the seafloor.

History shows how our ideas about these animals have changed. The first species, Vetulicola cuneata, was described in 1987. Its name means "old inhabitant" in Latin. In 2001, scientists created the phylum Vetulicolia to group them together. This group included genera like Vetulicola, Didazoon, and Xidazoon.

Ou et al. 2012 f07
Ou et al. 2012 f07

At first, some people thought they were early arthropods. Later, they were seen as early deuterostomes because of their gill slits.

Today, we use fossils to learn about these ancient lives. We find their fossils in places like the Balang biota. Some fossils were even found in deeper water. We can see different shapes in their guts, too. Some guts were shaped like a spiral. This detail helps us decide how they ate.

Ou et al. 2012 f07
Ou et al. 2012 f07

Studying these small details helps us map the history of all life.

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