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Turboshaft

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A turboshaft is a special kind of engine called a gas turbine. Most jet engines are made to create thrust to push a plane forward. A turboshaft is different because it is made to create shaft horsepower. This means the engine turns a rod to move other parts.

Turboshaft operation (multilanguage)
Turboshaft operation (multilanguage)

These engines are very useful for many jobs. They are small and light, but they can provide high power for a long time. They are also very reliable for the machines that use them.

To understand how it works, think of the engine in two main parts. The first part is the gas generator. It uses a compressor, fuel nozzles, and ignitors to make hot, expanding gases.

Turboshaft operation (multilanguage)
Turboshaft operation (multilanguage)

The second part is the power section. The hot gases from the generator flow into the power section to turn more turbines. These turbines are connected to a gear reduction system and a shaft output. In many designs, these two parts are separate. This is called a free power turbine, and it lets the parts spin at different speeds.

People have been working with these engines for a long time. In 1948, a firm called Turbomeca built the first French-designed turbine engine. It was called the 782 and made 100 shaft horsepower. Later, in 1950, they made a larger engine called the Artouste. On December 11, 1951, a Boeing T50 engine helped a Kaman K-225 synchropter fly. This was the first time a helicopter ever flew using a turboshaft engine.

Austin gasturbine engine (cutaway) Heritage Motor Centre, Gaydon
Austin gasturbine engine (cutaway) Heritage Motor Centre, Gaydon

Many different machines use these engines today. The T-80 tank used a gas turbine as its main engine starting in 1976. The US Army has used the M1 Abrams tank with a gas turbine since 1980. Some very large helicopters use more than one engine to fly. The Mil Mi-26 uses two Lotarev D-136 engines that make 11,400 hp each. The Sikorsky CH-53E Super Stallion uses three General Electric T64 engines. Each of those engines makes 4,380 hp.

Austin gasturbine engine (cutaway) Heritage Motor Centre, Gaydon
Austin gasturbine engine (cutaway) Heritage Motor Centre, Gaydon

Turboshaft engines are very different from the piston engines in most cars. They have fewer parts, which makes them very reliable. They can also run on almost any fuel, like petrol, diesel, or aviation fuel. However, they do use more fuel than the diesel engines found in most modern tanks. They are also used in amazing things like the F-35B Lightning II jet. That plane can switch to turboshaft mode to send 29,000 horsepower to a lift system.

Turboshaft operation (multilanguage)
Turboshaft operation (multilanguage)
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