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Ōtsu

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Ōtsu is the capital city of Shiga Prefecture in Japan.

Otsu City Hall
Otsu City Hall

It occupies much of the southwestern portion of the prefecture. The city has a distinct L-shape. It stretches along the southern and western shores of Lake Biwa. This is the largest freshwater lake in Japan. The city's geography varies greatly. Near the shore, there are densely populated alluvium depressions. These are flat areas made of sediment. To the west and south, the land becomes hilly and mountainous. The Hira Mountains and Mount Hiei are located here. Mount Hiei forms much of the border between Shiga Prefecture and Kyoto Prefecture.

The history of Ōtsu is deeply connected to its location. People have lived in this area since at least the Yayoi period. It served as a vital center for inland water transportation on Lake Biwa. The city was part of the ancient Ōmi Province. It sat on several major land routes. These included the Tōkaidō and the Nakasendō highways. These roads connected the eastern provinces to the ancient capitals of Japan. The Hokurikudō also ran through the city. This route connected Kyoto to the northern provinces of Honshu. Because of these routes, Ōtsu was a major hub for travel and trade.

Ōtsu has held great political importance in Japan's past. From 667 to 672, the Ōmi Ōtsu Palace was the capital of Japan. This palace was founded by Emperor Tenji. After the Jinshin War, the city was renamed. Later, in 794, a new capital called Heian-kyō was established nearby. This city is known today as Kyoto. Because it was so close, Ōtsu became a satellite town. It was a major traffic point for the new capital. During the Edo period, the city prospered even more. It served as the Ōtsu-juku, a major shukuba or post station. The Tokugawa shogunate administered the city directly due to its strategic value.

Modern history brought both challenges and growth to the city. In 1891, a famous event called the Ōtsu incident occurred.

Street in Ōtsu (1891)
Street in Ōtsu (1891)

An escort policeman named Tsuda Sanzō attacked Tsarevich Nicholas Alexandrovich of Russia. Nicholas later became Tsar Nicholas II. Although he survived, the attack created a crisis in Japanese-Russian relations. Some locals even considered renaming the city to avoid this stigma. In the 1890s, the Lake Biwa Canal was constructed.

三井寺疎水 - panoramio
三井寺疎水 - panoramio

This canal connects Ōtsu and Kyoto. It helped move water, passengers, and even electrical energy. This energy powered Japan's first streetcar railroad services. The canal was eventually named a Historic Site in 1996.

The economy of Ōtsu has been shaped by its unique products. During the Edo period, travelers bought Ōtsu-e, which are folk drawings. The city was also known for the Ōtsu soroban, or abacus. This tool was used widely across Japan from the 17th century. Other local goods included Zeze-yaki and Konan-yaki ceramics. Zeze-cha was also significant as the first Japanese tea exported to the United States. Today, the city is not primarily agricultural. However, it does produce edible chrysanthemums. These are used in Japanese cuisine for tempura or as decoration for sashimi.

Transportation in Ōtsu is highly developed.

JR West Otsu Station Main Gate
JR West Otsu Station Main Gate

The city features several important railway lines. Ōtsu Station is the central station for the city.

Keihan Sakamoto stn
Keihan Sakamoto stn

However, Ishiyama Station is the busiest, with 48,000 users every day. Both stations are part of the West Japan Railway Company. The Keihan Electric Railway also operates two lines here. One line runs from Ōtsu to Kyoto. The other, the Keihan Ishiyama Sakamoto Line, stays entirely within the city. While the Tōkaidō Shinkansen passes through the area, it does not stop in Ōtsu.

Visitors to Ōtsu can explore many cultural and natural wonders. The city is home to many National Treasures.

Mii-dera Otsu Shiga pref30s4592
Mii-dera Otsu Shiga pref30s4592

Mii-dera is one of the four largest temples in Japan. The Enryaku-ji monastery is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Hiroshige Evening view of a temple in the hills
Hiroshige Evening view of a temple in the hills

For those interested in history, the Ōtsu City Museum of History is a key site. The Shiga Prefectural Library holds about 1.2 million volumes.

Ishiyamadera29n4272
Ishiyamadera29n4272

Nature lovers can visit the Lake Biwa Canal or the Ishiyama-dera pagoda. The climate is humid subtropical. This means warm summers and cool winters. The average annual temperature is 13.8 °C. September is typically the wettest month of the year.

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🖼️ Images & Media (12)
File:Otsu City Hall.JPG
Otsu City Hall.JPG
File:Street in Ōtsu (1891).jpg
Street in Ōtsu (1891).jpg
File:JR West Otsu Station Main Gate.jpg
JR West Otsu Station Main Gate.jpg
File:Keihan Sakamoto stn.jpg
Keihan Sakamoto stn.jpg
File:JR logo (west).svg
JR logo (west).svg
File:Keihan Electric Railway logomark.svg
Keihan Electric Railway logomark.svg
File:JP Expressway E1.svg
JP Expressway E1.svg
File:JP Expressway E1A.svg
JP Expressway E1A.svg
File:三井寺疎水 - panoramio.jpg
三井寺疎水 - panoramio.jpg
File:Ishiyamadera29n4272.jpg
Ishiyamadera29n4272.jpg
File:Hiroshige Evening view of a temple in the hills.jpg
Hiroshige Evening view of a temple in the...
File:Mii-dera Otsu Shiga pref30s4592.jpg
Mii-dera Otsu Shiga pref30s4592.jpg
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